proteins and enzymes

Question 1

describe how different types of proteins can be produced

Answer 1

different DNA base sequences would result in different proteins being made

Question 2

production of different proteins?

Answer 2

different DNA base sequence-> different amino acid sequence-> different protein shape and function

Question 3

what are the different types of proteins?

Answer 3

SHARE
structural, hormone, antibodies, receptors, enzymes

Question 4

structural

Answer 4

provides support to the membrane

Question 5

hormone

Answer 5

chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

Question 6

antibodies

Answer 6

defend the body against pathogens

Question 7

receptors

Answer 7

complementary to a specific hormone at the target organ to cause a response

Question 8

enzymes

Answer 8

biological catalyst that speeds up cellular reactions but remain unchanged in the process

Question 9

where are enzymes located?

Answer 9

enzymes are found in all living cells

Question 10

specificity of enzymes

Answer 10

the shape of the enzymes active site is complementary to its specific substrate forming a product

Question 11

what are the two types of enzyme reactions?

Answer 11

• synthesis reactions
• degrading reactions

Question 12

what happens in a synthesis reaction?

Answer 12

smaller substrates are converted into a larger product (build up)

Question 13

what happens in a degrading reaction?

Answer 13

larger substrate is broken down into smaller products (break down)
commonly used in digestion

Question 14

substrates

Answer 14

the chemicals that enzymes act upon

Question 15

products

Answer 15

the chemicals produced by the action of an enzyme

Question 16

what are examples of degrading enzymes?

Answer 16

catalase
amylase
lipase
pepsin

Question 17

example of a synthesising enzyme?

Answer 17

phosphorylase which is found in plants

Question 18

SAM

Answer 18

starch - amylase - maltose
degrading reaction

Question 19

PPAA

Answer 19

protein - pepsin - animo acids
degrading reaction

Question 20

FLAG

Answer 20

fat - lipase - fatty acids + glycerol
degrading reaction

Question 21

HPCOW

Answer 21

hydrogen peroxide - catalase - oxygen + water
degrading reaction

Question 22

G1PPS

Answer 22

glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) - phosphorylase - starch
SYNTHESISING reaction

Question 23

what are factors that affect enzyme activity?

Answer 23

• temperature
• pH

Question 24

optimum temperature

Answer 24

conditions at which an enzyme is most active which is 37 degrees

Question 25

pH

Answer 25

different enzymes work best at different pH values - optimum pH
many enzymes optimum pH is pH7 but not all!

Question 26

denatured enzymes

Answer 26

at high temperatures or pH’s out-with the enzymes acceptable range the enzyme becomes denatured

Question 27

what happens when an enzyme becomes denatured?

Answer 27

the shape of the active site is destroyed so the substrate can no longer react with the enzyme, lowering the rate of reaction

Question 28

list four properties of an enzyme:

Answer 28

• made of proteins
• biological catalyst
• reusable
• reacts with one substrate