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Ankle anatomy > Ankle and foot > Flashcards

Ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What articulation takes place at the ankle joint?

A

Tibia
Fibula
Talus of the foot

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2
Q

How many bones, joints and muscles are in the foot

A

Bones - 26
Joints - 30
Muscles - over 100

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3
Q

What are the 3 arches in the foot?

A

Medial
Lateral
Transverse

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4
Q

Tarsals

A

A set of 7 irregularly shaped bones

They are situated proximally in the foot

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5
Q

Metatarsals

A

Connect the phalanges and the tarsals.

5 all together, numbered from medial (1) to lateral (5)

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6
Q

Phalanges

A

The bones of the toes

Each toe has three phalanges (proximal, intermediate, and distal)

The big toe only has two phalanges

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7
Q

Hindfoot

A

talus and calcaneus

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8
Q

Midfoot

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms

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9
Q

Forefoot

A

Phalanges

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10
Q

Dorsum of the foot

A

Upper surface of the foot

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11
Q

Name the only muscle of the dorsum of the foot

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

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12
Q

Name the 3 groups of ligaments at the ankle

A

Lateral ligaments

Deltoid ligaments

The ligaments of the tibiofibular syndesmosis

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13
Q

What does the lateral collateral ligament complex consist of?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

Posterior talofibular ligament

Calcaneofibular ligament

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14
Q

What is the most frequently injured ligament of the ankle?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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15
Q

What role does the anterior talofibular ligament have?

A

An important role in limiting anterior displacement of the talus and plantar flexion of the ankle.

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16
Q

Origin and insertion of the anterior talofibular ligament

A

Origin - anterior edge of the lateral malleolus

Insertion - neck of the talus

17
Q

What is the role of the posterior talofibular ligament

A

Plays a supplementary role in ankle stability

18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the posterior talofibular ligament?

A

Origin - malleolar fossa, located on the lateral malleolus

Insertion - posterolateral talus

19
Q

What is the primary role of the calcaneofibular ligament?

A

Is to restrain inversion in a neutral or dorsiflexed position, restrains subtalar joint (talocalcaneal) inversion, therby limiting talar tilt

20
Q

Describe the Medial collateral ligament/ deltoid ligament.

What is its origin and insertion

A

Composed of superficial and deep layers

Multifascicular ligament

Originates from the medial malleolus to insert in the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bone.

21
Q

Role of the medial collateral ligament/deltoid

A

Stabilises against plantar flexion, external rotation and pronation

22
Q

Name the ligaments of the tibiofibular syndesmosis

A

anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament

Posteroinferior tibiofibular ligament

Interosseous tibiofibular ligament

23
Q

What is the role of the syndesmotic ligament complex

A

Ensure stability between distal tibia and fibula and resist axial, rotation, and translational forces that can separate the two bones.

24
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A

Covers the muscles and tendons at the plantar aspect of the foot.

25
Q

Layer 1 muscles at the plantar aspect of the foot

A

Abductor didgiti minimi

Flexor digitorum brevis

Abductor hallucis

26
Q

Layer 2 muscles at the plantar aspect of the foot

A

Quadratus plantae

The lumbricals

Long tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

27
Q

Layer 3 muscles at the plantar aspect of the foot

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

Adductor hallucis

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

28
Q

Layer 4 muscles at the plantar aspect of the foot

A

interosseous muscles

Long tendons of the peroneus/fibularis longus and tibilialis posterior

29
Q

Cutaneous

A

Relating to the skin

30
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the dorsum

By what nerve?

A

Superficial and deep peroneal/fibular nerves

31
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the plantar aspect

By what nerve?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

32
Q

Dorsal motor innervation

By what nerve?

A

By the deep peroneal nerve to the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis

33
Q

Plantar motor innervation

By what nerve?

A

via the medial and lateral plantar nerves

34
Q

What is the principle dorsal artery of the foot?

A

Dorsalis Pedis artery

35
Q

What artery supplies the plantar section of the foot?

A

The posterior tibial artery branches off to form the lateral and medial plantar arteries

Ankle anatomy (6 decks)

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