Introduction to Cells

Question 1

what are the basic units of all living organisms?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What are some basic processes that are common to all cell types?

Answer 2

cell metabolism, transport of substances, communication, and cell reproduction.

Question 3

The chemical reactions that a cell carries out to maintain life is called?

Answer 3

Cell Metabolism

Question 4

Metabolic reactions include different types of reactions such as?

Answer 4

Anabolic, Catabolic, and oxidation-reduction reactions.

Question 5

ana-

Answer 5

up

Question 6

cata-

Answer 6

down

Question 7

oxide

Answer 7

a compound of oxygen and another chemical element.

Question 8

ation-

Answer 8

action or process

Question 9

Anabolic reactions build what?

Answer 9

They build reactions producing macromolecules.

Question 10

catabolic reactions break down what?
Connection: Digestion

Answer 10

Breaks down macromolecules into smaller compounds.

Question 11

Since anabolic reactions build reactions producing macromolecules, what are those reactions? (4)

Answer 11

Polysaccharide, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid synthesis.

Question 12

Some catabolic reactions are required to degrade old and worn-out…?
Other catabolic reactions break down nutrients such as? (2)

Answer 12

Cellular components
Carbohydrates and lipids

Question 13

What can oxidation-reduction reactions do?

Answer 13

Basically, they can use the glucose from what we ate and turn it into fuel for our cells ATP.

Question 14

what can the basic process of the cell, transport of substances do?

Answer 14

They can transport compounds to another location of the cell and they can release the compounds out of the cell.

Question 15

How do cells communicate?

Answer 15

chemical and electrical signals

Question 16

Many cell types in the body can reproduce themselves through a process called

Answer 16

cell division

Question 17

what can cell division do?

Answer 17

cell division can replace old and damaged cells and they are used for growth and development.

Question 18

Cell reproduction is just

Answer 18

cell division

Question 19

Most animal cells have three basic components such as?

Answer 19

the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus.

Question 20

Surrounding each cell is a “fence” called the

Answer 20

plasma membrane

Question 21

what are the 4 several functions of the plasma membrane.

Answer 21

structral support, communication with other cells, regulation of transport into and out of the cell, and cell identification.

Question 22

the main purpose of the plasma membrane is to phsically isolate the cell from its

Answer 22

surroundings

Question 23

The body contains 2 fluid compartments which is the

Answer 23

interacellular and extracellular space

Question 24

intra-

Answer 24

within

Question 25

extra-

Answer 25

outside

Question 26

intracellular space

Answer 26

the space within our cells that contains either the cytosol or intracellular fluid.

Question 27

extracellular space

Answer 27

the space outside our cells that contains extracellular fluid.

Question 28

what is the reason why the plasma membrane forms a barrier between the ECF and the cytosol?

it allows to control what?

Synonyms: Cytosol= ICF

Answer 28

because it alows it control the composition of the cytosol.

Question 29

Synonym for Cytosol

Answer 29

Intracellular Fluid

Question 30

Inside the plasma membrane is the

Answer 30

cytoplasm

Question 31

What are the 3 things that the cytoplasm contains?

Answer 31

Cytosol, organelles, and cytoskeleton

Question 32

What is the fluid portion of the cytoplam?

watery gel with many proteins, RNA, & dissolved solutes

hint: it is the synonym for ICF

Answer 32

cytosol

Question 33

What are the 3 things that takes place in the cytosol?

Answer 33

protein synthesis, glycolysis, and storage

Question 34

In a Cytosol, we find clusters of storage bodies called?

cells in the liver and skeletal muscle have blank that contain glycogen

Answer 34

inclusions