Early Psychology/ Epistemology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Epistemology:
Rationalism

A

Knowledge is innate, or derived from reasoning about the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epistemology:
Empiricism

A

Knowledge acquired through the senses, from experience of the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 ways which can we acquire knowledge?

A

Rationalism and Empiricism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Experience becomes knowledge according to which approach?

A

Empiricist approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Knowledge becomes experience according to which approach?

A

Rationalist approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 3 things considered to be true A Priori according to Rationalists?

A

God
Maths
Logic
Morality

A Priori (before the fact no evidence needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Descriptive vs Prescriptive knowledge

A

How the world is vs how it should be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Empiricist Locke argued there are 3 ways simple ideas are put together to make more complex ones:

A

Combination
Relation
Generalisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Locke Combination

A

Combine multiple ideas into one
- e.g., an apple is red + round + sweet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Locke Relation

A

Bringing ideas together without combination
- e.g., “my son is like a vulture when he eats”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Locke Generalisation

A

Abstracting from events to form general rules
without time or place
eg- I have only seen white swans so all swans are white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 kinds of sense experience Hume identifies?

A

Impressions: Sensations arising from touch, hearing, sight, smell, taste.

Ideas: Impressions recalled later by memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name Humes 2 areas of intellectual inquiry:

A

All claims of knowledge must be:

Relations of ideas vs. Matters of fact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leibniz critique argues:

A

The mind is active not passive
The mind is immaterial.

Senses offer ONLY instances
(nothing useful or meaningful)

He does agree with some ideas being innate tho

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who would argue the mind is immaterial (not a physical structure or property)?

A

Leibniz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Knowledge can be acquired a posteriori (from experience).

What approach is this?

A

Empiricism

17
Q

Knowledge can be acquired a priory (without experience).

What approach is this?

A

Rationalism

18
Q

What were the 2 types of statements Kant proposed?

A

Analytical- contains their own proof

Synthetical- providing new knowledge

19
Q

Most empirical (a posteriori: true after the fact) knowledge is?

A

Synthetic
adds new info
get the experience, interpret it and conclude new knowledge
‘good science’

20
Q

Most rational (a priori) knowledge is?

A

Analytic (tautological)
stuff that is already known

21
Q

Natural philosophy:

A

A philosophical approach to the natural world.
Physics, Chemistry, Biology

22
Q

Physiognomy:

A

A belief that a person’s character can be read in their face

23
Q

Phrenology:

A

A belief that a person’s character can be read from their skull

23
Q

Bessel studied the Personal Equation:

A

The idea that people have individual differences

We all have different measures and times of things

Cannot be rational- as we would all have the same innate knowledge of the stars and tracking timings

Thus must be empirical, we learn from experience, and people produced different readings of the times in the stars

24
Q

What is the aim of the Physical Laws of the Mind?

A

to find the mathematical laws that relate psychic quantities (ψ) to physical quantities (ϕ)

25
Q

True or false:
Physiognomy (face) & phrenology (skull) became dead ends, pseudo-science.

A

True

26
Q

Wundt’s voluntarism is when:

A

We voluntary/ actively decide what our minds attend to do

27
Q

Titchener developed Wundt’s psychology and he aimed to break consciousness into what?

A

It’s elements (an atomic view)

Touch= pressure/ pain/ heat/ dry
Describe how these combine (Locke)

Use these to explain how the nervous system relates to consciousness

28
Q
A