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6th Science > Earth Layers/Plate Tectonics/Seismic Activity > Flashcards

Earth Layers/Plate Tectonics/Seismic Activity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the earth in order?

A

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

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2
Q

What is the continental crust mostly made of?

A

Granite

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3
Q

Which is thicker, the continental crust or the oceanic crust?

A

Continental crust

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4
Q

How much of the earth’s surface does the continental crust make up?

A

25%

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5
Q

What is the oceanic crust made of?

A

Basalt

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6
Q

How much of the earth’s surface does the oceanic crust make up?

A

75%

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7
Q

What is the thickest layer of the earth?

A

The mantle

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8
Q

How much of earths volume is the mantle?

A

82%

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9
Q

The upper mantle is part of what?

A

The lithosphere

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10
Q

Where is the athenosphere located?

A

The middle mantle

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11
Q

How many miles thick is the outer core?

A

1400 miles

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12
Q

What is the outer core made of?

A

Nickel and iron

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13
Q

The flow of the inner core creates earths ________ field

A

Magnetic

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14
Q

The inner core of the earth has extremely high _____ and _____

A

Temperatures and pressure

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15
Q

The inner core is made of

A

Nickel and iron

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16
Q

The inner core makes up how much of the earths mass?

A

1/3

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17
Q

What are plate tectonics?

A

The earths crust is made of 12 different plates moved in various directions

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18
Q

Tectonic plates are made of what?

A

The lithosphere

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19
Q

The plates of lithosphere are moved around by the underlying hot mantle convection cells in the ______

A

Athenosphere

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20
Q

In what 3 ways do tectonic plates move? 

A

Divergent, convergent and transform plate boundaries

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21
Q

Divergent plates move away or towards each other?

A

Away

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22
Q

Example of divergent plate boundary?

A

Iceland

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23
Q

Convergent plate boundaries move away or towards each other?

A

Toward

24
Q

Example of a convergent boundary?

A

Cascade mountains

25
Q

Transform plate boundaries move how?

A

They move past each other

26
Q

Example of a transform plate boundary 

A

San Andreas Fault

27
Q

What are subduction zones?

A

When the oceanic crust sinks into the mantle beneath continental crust melting the rock

28
Q

What are earthquakes?

A

When two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another

29
Q

What causes earthquakes

A

When tectonic plates slip past one another

30
Q

What is the Fault?

A

The surface where the tectonic plates move past each other

31
Q

What is the hypocenter?

A

The location BELOW the earths surface where the earthquake starts

32
Q

What is the epicenter?

A

The location directly above where the earthquake happens ON the surface of the earth

33
Q

What are foreshocks?

A

Smaller earthquakes that happen BEFORE the larger earthquake

34
Q

What are aftershocks?

A

Smaller earthquakes that happen AFTER the main shock

35
Q

What is the main shock?

A

The largest, main earthquake

36
Q

What is a tsunami?

A

A sea wave that is formed when large amounts of sea floor move

37
Q

What causes a tsunami?

A

Water displacement such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides

38
Q

What are the signs of a tsunami?

A

Hard ground shaking, a sudden sea level withdrawal, or they can cause loud booming noises.

39
Q

How big are tsunamis?

A

Over a hundred feet to 1,720 feet high

40
Q

Is a tsunami in a rogue, wave the same thing? 

A

No

41
Q

What is a mega tsunami? 

A

A very large wave created by a large sudden displacement of material into a body of water

42
Q

What is a volcano?

A

A vent or opening in the earths surface which molten rock, gasses and ash erupt

43
Q

How are volcanoes formed? 

A

When magma works its way to the surface and erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits

44
Q

What are the different stages of volcanoes? 

A

Active, dormant, and extinct

45
Q

Example of an active volcano

A

Mount Vesuvius in Italy

46
Q

Example of a dormant volcano

A

Mount Fuji in Japan

47
Q

Why do volcanoes erupt? 

A

When gas bubbles inside magma expand and cause pressure to build up

48
Q

What are cinder cones?

A

Circular oval cones made up of small fragments of lava from a single vent that have been blown into the air

49
Q

What are composite volcanoes?

A

Steep sized volcanoes composed of many layers of volcanic rock

50
Q

What is an example of a cinder cone?

A

Paricutin

51
Q

What is an example of a composite volcano?

A

Mount Rainier

52
Q

What are shield volcanoes?

A

Shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle with long gentle slopes

53
Q

Example of a shield volcano?

A

Mount Kilauea

54
Q

What is Lahar?

A

Type of mudflow composed of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.

55
Q

Why is Lahar so dangerous? 

A

Because it is liquid and when it stops moving it solidifies

6th Science (4 decks)

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