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EMRG 1305 > Week 5- Special Conditions & Pt Populations > Flashcards

Week 5- Special Conditions & Pt Populations Flashcards

1
Q

How does the ALS define Home Medical Technology

A
  • Is an external or internal mechanical device prescribed by a member of a regulated health profession for the purpose of treating a medical condition
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2
Q

How does the ALS define Novel Medication?

A
  • Is a self/ caregiver-administered medication prescribed by a member of a regulated health profession that is required to treat pt’s with generally rare and unusually complex chronic medical conditions which are often end stage.
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3
Q

What are the two reasons a pt is on dialysis?

A
  1. Acute kidney failure dialysis may be used for a short time
  2. Chronic or end stage kidney failure dialysis is needed to replace the work of kidneys (used for the rest of their life)
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4
Q

What are the 2 types of dialysis?

A
  • Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
  • Both have the same objectives, but work at different speeds & have different capabilities
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5
Q

What are the cases of renal failure?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
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6
Q

What is hemodialysis?

A
  • Process that uses a man-made membrane (dialyzer) to: remove wastes such as urea, from the blood. Restore the proper balance of electrolytes in the blood.
  • Eliminate extra fluid from the body
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7
Q

What is an AV fistula?

A
  • A surgical connection made between an artery and a vein, created by a vascular specialist
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8
Q

Where is an AV fistula usually located?

A
  • Located in the arm however it can be placed in the leg
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9
Q

How does an AV fistula work?

A
  • Blood flows from the artery directly into the vein, increasing the blood pressure and amount of blood flow through the vein
  • The increased flow and pressure causes the veins to enlarge
  • The enlarged veins will be capable of delivering the amount of blood flow necessary to provide an adequate hemodiaylsis tx
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10
Q

What is the difference between AV Fistula and AV Graft?

A
  • AV Fistula= an artery to a vein
  • AV Graft= connect to an artery to piece of soft tubing that acts as a vein
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11
Q

Central venous catheter for dialysis

A
  • Flexible synthetic (man-made) tube that is usually placed in the vena cava
  • Used when pt. is waiting for a fistula or when a fistula isn’t possible
  • Can also be placed in the groin- femoral vein
  • Both clamps must be closed prior to disconnecting
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12
Q

What is peritoneal dialysis?

A
  • Kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body
  • The peritoneal cavity- is filled with a special dialysis that looks like water
  • Excess water and wastes pass form the blood through the peritoneum into the dialysis fluid. The fluid is then drained from your body and discarded
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13
Q

How to disconnect dialysis in an emergency?

A
  1. Utilize trained family or staff on scene if available
  2. If not- wear PPE
  3. Obtain disconnect kit- which will have instructions
  4. Clamp pt side first
  5. Clamp machine side 2nd
  6. Apply caps
  7. Cover site with dressing
    8, Don’t worry abt machine
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14
Q

What drugs does dialysis remove?

A
  • Barbiturates
  • Lithium
  • Isoniazid
  • Salicylates
  • Theophylline/ caffeine
  • Methanol, Metformin
  • Ethylene glycol
  • Depakote, diabigatran
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15
Q

What are the symptoms of acute kidney failure?

A
  • Reduced urine output
  • Swollen legs, ankles, and feet
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • High blood pressure
  • Confusion
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16
Q

What are symptoms of chronic kidney failure?

A
  • Abnormal blood and urine tests
  • Swelling in the face, hand, and feet
  • Headaches
  • High blood pressure
17
Q

Who or why does a pt get a Trach?

A
  • Partial/ complete obstruction
  • Trauma
  • Spinal cord injury
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Neuromuscular disease
  • Extended period of unconsciousness
  • Burns
  • Cancer
18
Q

What is your trach assessment?

A

Is it obstructed, partially or fully?
Is a cuff present, and inflated?
Outer diameter of trach (found printed on outer cannula)
Why does the patient have a tracheostomy?
When was it placed?
Are inner cannula disposable or reusable?
Fenestrated or non-fenestrated?

19
Q

What does fenestrated mean?

A

Which means it has a small hole in the cannula, which allows increased airflow to the upper airway allowing the patient to talk.

20
Q

What does Non-fenestrated mean?

A

Tubes there is little to no voicing.

21
Q

Trach Reinsertion

A
  • The role of the upper respiratory tract is filter, warm and humidify air, while the lower is primarily responsible for gas exchange
  • When a person coughs there is a build up of pressure against the closed glottis/vocal cords to allow for the build up in pressure; this is lost in trach patients, and therefore they are prone to obstruction from secretions.
22
Q

Suction Infant Pressure

A
  • 60-100 mmHg
  • 1 min
    Max. # of doses= 5
23
Q

Suction Child Pressure

A
  • 100-120
  • 1 min
    Max. # of doses= 5
24
Q

Suction Adult Pressure

A
  • 100-150
  • 1 min
  • 5 min
25
Q

Left ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)

A
  • Temporary or permanent implantable pump that assists ventricles with patients that have advanced heart failure
26
Q

Pulsatile pump

A

the pt will have a pulse similar to human heart

27
Q

Non-pulsatile pump

A

the pt will have no pulse as the pump runs at a continous speed

28
Q

What is not reliable with LVAD’s?

A
  • BP and Pulse rate will not be reliable
  • Use mental status, skin color, end tidal, cap refill etc. assess for perfusion
29
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A
  • Is an uncommon illness
  • Occurs when the body doesn’t make enough of certain hormone
  • The adrenal glands make too little cortisol and, often, too little of another hormone, aldosterone
30
Q

Symptoms of Adrenal Crisis

A
  • Hypotension
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hair loss
  • Back pain
  • Fatigue
  • Confusion & psychosis
  • Fever
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Vomiting
  • Joint pain
31
Q

What is Addisonian Crisis

A
  • Results from stress on the body, such as injury, infection or illness
  • Adrenal glands make 2 or 3 times the usual amount of cortisol in response to physical stress
  • Not being able to increase the amount of cortisol made as a result of stress can lead to addisonian crisis
32
Q

What is hydrocortisone?

A
  • steroid
  • is also the name for the hormone cortisol
33
Q

How does hydrocortisone works?

A
  • Your body isn’t making enough cortisol, hydrocortisone work by replacing the hormone and bringing your levels up to normal

EMRG 1305 (12 decks)

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