Yr9 Biology Disease Science Flashcards
What is a Pathogen?
Any foreign invader which impacts the function of your body
What is homeostasis
Homeostasis is the process by which a living thing can maintain internal stasis (e.g. Temperature) even when external conditions are unfavourable
What are the six main pathogens
Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Fungi, Macroparasites and Prions
Descriptions of Bacteria and Bacterial disease examples
Bacteria are living single-celled organisms whose DNA is not contained in a membrane-bound nucleus. Examples of diseases include Scarlett Fever, Tuberculosis and Leprosy
Descriptions of Viruses and Viral disease examples
Viruses are self-replicating pieces of DNA or RNA that can reproduce upon infecting a host cell. Examples include AIDS, Flu and Measles
Descriptions of Protozoans and Protozoan disease examples
Protozoans are single-celled organisms whose DNA are inside a membrane bound nucleus Examples of diseases include Malaria, Toxoplasmosis and Dysentery
Descriptions of Fungi and Fungal Disease Examples
Fungi are multicellular organisms with varying size. Examples of diseases include Thrush, Ringworm and Athlete’s Foot
Descriptions of Macroparasites and Macroparasitic Diseases Examples
Macroparasites are parasitic creatures that can be seen without a microscope. Examples inlcude lice, fleas, ticks and elephantis
Descriptions of Prions and Prion Diseases Examples
Prions are thought to be misfolded and dysfunctional proteins. Examples of diseases include Fatal Familial Insomnia, Mad Cow’s Disease and Kuru
What are the Immune Lines of Defence
First Line - Physical barriers like skin, mucus and membranes
Second Line - Inflammatory Responses including inflammation and general immune cells like macrophages
Third Line - Specific Responses involving T - Cells and B - Cells which respectively hunt specific pathogens, and create antibodies for specific pathogens
Types of Receptor Cells
Chemoreceptors - Found in nose and mouth, sense chemicals
Photoreceptors - Found in eyes, sense light
Mechanoreceptors - Found on skin, sense mechanical signals or touch
Thermoreceptors - All over body’s surface, detects heat
Parts of the brain
Brain Stem - Involved in basic life functions and involuntary actions
Cerebellum - Involved in motor function and coordination
Cerebrum - Believed to be the source of conscious thought and other functions
How do vaccines work?
Vaccines consist of weak and inactive pathogens that trigger an immune response. These essentially train the immune system and leave behind memory B - Cells which generate antibodies that can eliminate a disease before it can impact the body.
Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System
The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The Peripheral Nervous System consists of the nerves that exist in and connect the rest of the body.
Types of Neurons
Sensory Neurons - Pass signal from stimuli to Central Nervous System
Interneurons - Pass signals within the Central Nervous System
Motor Neurons - Pass signal from Central Nervous System to an Effector which does an action
