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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > Skeletal System (Lecture) > Flashcards

Skeletal System (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Rigid body tissue consisting of cells embedded in an abundant hard intercellular material

A

Bones

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2
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue and their characteristics?

A

Compact bone - homogeneous
Spongy bone - small needle like pieces of bone, has many open spaces

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3
Q

Reduces friction and model for bone formation

A

Cartilage

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4
Q

Ligaments

A

bone to bone

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5
Q

Tendons

A

Muscle to bone

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6
Q

It separates muscles to bone adjacent elements of the skeletal system

A

Joints

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7
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Body support - bone, cartilage, ligaments

Organ protection

Body movement - skeletal muscle attach to bones by tendons / contraction of skeletal muscles moves the bone

Mineral storage - calcium, phosphorus, adipose tissue or fat

Blood cell production - bone cavities are filled with red bone marrow

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8
Q

It produces blood cells and platelets

A

Red bone marrow

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9
Q

What do you call to the immovable joints that connect cranial bones?

A

Sutures

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10
Q

What are the 4 principal sutues?

A

Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Squamous

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11
Q

What are the 3 main regions of temporal bone?

A

Squamous
Tympanic
Petrous

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12
Q

What are the 2 processes in the temporal bone?

A

Mastoid process
Styloid process

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13
Q

Zygomatic process, zygomatic bone, mandibular fossa - the attachment site of mandible

A

Squamous part

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14
Q

Has the prominent external auditory canal (external acoustic meatus)

A

Tympanic part

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15
Q

Extends inward toward the center of the skull. thick, bony ridge that houses the middle and inner ears

A

Petrous

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16
Q

Makes up the majority of the skulls posterior wall and base

A

Occipital bone

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17
Q

What’s the prominent feature of the occipital bone?

A

Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles

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18
Q

The opening where the brainstem connects to the spinal cord

A

Foramen Magnum

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19
Q

Two rounded projections on either side of the foramen magnum

A

Occipital condyles

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20
Q

Points of attachment for several neck muscles that move the head

A

Nuchal lines

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21
Q

A single bone that extends completely across the skull and somewhat resembles a butterfly

A

Spenoid bone

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22
Q

The central region of the spenoid bone which is modified to resemble a structure of a saddle

A

Sella turcica

23
Q

It contains the pituitary gland

A

Spenoid bone

24
Q

Very porous, fragile bone
Centrally located
Forms the nasal septum, large portion of nasal cavity, medial wall of orbits

A

Ethmoid bone (ehtmos -sieve)

25
Q

Prominent ridge of the bone
Attachment site for brain meninges

A

Crista galli

26
Q

Found on each side of the crista galli
- Houses olfactory bulbs
- Contains numerous

A

Cribriform plate

27
Q

Allow olfactory nerves to enter the nasal cavity

A

Olfactory foramina

28
Q

Forms the superior portion the nasal septum - divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves

A

Perpendicular plate

29
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Cheekbones

30
Q

What forms the maxilla?

A

Upper jaw
Roof of the mouth
Center of the face

31
Q

Have the horizontal plates that fuse centrally to form the posterior portion of the hard palate

A

Palatine bones

32
Q

Smallest of the skull bones
House the depression through which the nasolacrimal duct enters the nasolacrimal canal, joining the orbits and nasal cavity

A

Lacrimal bones

33
Q

Form the bridge of the nose

A

Nasal bones

34
Q

One of the three conchae in the nasal cavity that provide increased surface area

A

Inferior nasal conchae

35
Q

Forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum

A

Vomer

36
Q

Important for speech and swallowing
The only bone in the body that is not directly attached to another bone, muscles and ligaments attach it to the skull

A

Hyoid bone

37
Q

It is the only skull bone that is freely movable

A

Mandible

38
Q

Passage of nerves and blood bessels to the chin

A

Mental foramen

39
Q

How many bones are there in the vertebral column? Name them

A

26 bones
Cervical curvature - C1-C7
Thoracic curvature T1- T12
Lumbar curvature L1- L5
Sacrum
Coccyx

40
Q

Curves anteriorly

A

Cervical region
Lumbar

41
Q

Curves posteriorly

A

Lumbar, sacral and coccygeal

42
Q

What are the general features of vertebrae?

A

Vertebral body
Vertebral arch
Vertebral process

43
Q

It is the solid bondy disc of each vertebra that supports the body’s weigth

A

Vertebral body

44
Q

Protects the spinal cord

A

Vertebral arch

45
Q

Occupies spinal cord

A

Vetebral foramen

46
Q

What are the various processes

A

Transverse process
Spinous process

47
Q

It extends from each side of the arch between the lamina and pedicle

A

Transverse process

48
Q

Lies at the junction between the two laminae

A

Spinous process

49
Q

Support only the weight of the head - small bodies

A

Cervical vertebrae

50
Q

What are the two vertebrae

A

Atlas
Axis

51
Q

Least movable of the five regions

A

Thoracic vertebrae

52
Q

Supports the majority of the body’s weight

A

Lumbar vertebrae

53
Q

Located between the two hip bone

A

Sacrum

54
Q

Opening that terminates vertebral canal; common anesthesia injection site

A

Sacral hiatus

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (11 decks)

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