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Linguistics 1 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Place and manner

A

Place: where in the vocal tract is the consonant produced?

Manner: how is the outgoing airstream modified?

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2
Q

Supralaryngeal vocal tract

A

Nasal cavity (nose)

Oral cavity

Pharyngeal cavity

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3
Q

Which sounds are produced when the valum is down? And which sounds are produced when the velum is up?

A

Nasal sounds

Oral sounds (t f l ae)

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4
Q

How can the oral cavity be shaped?

A
  1. For consonants, by making contact and obstructing the outgoing air
  2. For vowels, by shaping the tongue body in different ways
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5
Q

Active articulator

A

The tongue is the main active articulator, the part which moves towards the passive articulator.

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6
Q

Passive articulator

A

The places where the active articulator moves toward. Examples are lips, alveolar ridge, hard palate, teeth, velum, uvula.

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7
Q

What are the active and passive articulators for p, b and m?

A

Active: lower lip
Passive: upper lip

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8
Q

What are the active and passive articulators for f and v?

A

Active: lower lip
Passive: upper teeth

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9
Q

What are the active and passive articulators for t d s z n l?

A

Active: tip/blade of tongue
Passive: alveolar ridge

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10
Q

What are the active and passive articulators for S r 3 tS and d3?

A

Active: blade of tongue
Passive: post alveolar

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11
Q

What are the active and passive articulators for j?

A

Active: front of tongue
Passive: hard palate

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12
Q

What are the active and passive articulators for k g and ng?

A

Active: back of tongue
Passive: velum

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13
Q

What are the active and passive articulators for w?

A

Active: back of tongue + lips
Passive: velum

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14
Q

What are the active and passive articulators for h?

A

Active: glottis
Passive: -

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15
Q

How to identify manner of articulation in three different ways:

A
  1. Complete closure (blocking air completely)
  2. Narrow approximation (blocking air almost completely)
  3. Wide approximation (not making an obstruction)
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16
Q

Manner of articulation of stops

A

Stopte involve complete closure

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17
Q

Manner of articulation of fricatives

A

Fricatives involve narrow approximation.

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18
Q

What is another term for a stop?

A

Plosive.

19
Q

VPM of /p/

A

Voiceless labial stop

20
Q

VPM of /b/

A

Voiced labial stop

21
Q

VPM of /t/

A

Voiceless alveolar stop

22
Q

VPM of /d/

A

Voiced alveolar stop

23
Q

VPM of /k/

A

Voiceless velar stop

24
Q

VPM of /g/

A

Voiced velar stop

25
Q

VPM of /f/

A

Voiceless labiodental fricative

26
Q

VPM of /v/

A

Voiced labiodental fricative

27
Q

VPM of /0/

A

Voiceless dental fricative

28
Q

VPM of ò (mother)

A

Voiced dental fricative

29
Q

VPM of /s/

A

Voiceless alveolar fricative

30
Q

VPM of /z/

A

Voiced alveolar fricative

31
Q

VPM of S (shin)

A

Voiceless postalveolar fricative

32
Q

VPM of /3/

A

Voiced postalveolar fricative

33
Q

VPM of /h/

A

Voiceless glottal fricative

34
Q

VPM of tS

A

Voiceless postalveolar affricate

35
Q

VPM of /d3/

A

Voiced postalveolar affricate

36
Q

What sound do we creative when the velum is up? And what about when it is down?

A

Up: /g/ - voiceless velar oral stop
Down: /ng/ - voiced velar nasal stop

37
Q

Manner of articulation of vowels, and of the consonants /l r j w/

A

Wide approximation. The active articulator approaches the passive articulator, but they remain so far apart that no friction is produced.

38
Q

VPM of /l/

A

Voiced alveolar lateral approximant

39
Q

VPM of /r/

A

Voiced postalveolar (central) approximant

40
Q

VPM of /j/

A

Voiced palatal (central) approximant

41
Q

VPM of /w/

A

Voiced labiovelar (central approximant

42
Q

Four questions to ask to find VPM labels of consonants

A
  1. Voiced or voiceless?
  2. Where is the closure made?
  3. How is the closure made? (Narrow approximation)
  4. Is the sound oral or nasal?
43
Q

We can divide consonants into obstruents and sonorants. How can we divide these again?

A

Divide obstruents into stops and fricatives.

Divide sonorants into nasals and approximants.

Linguistics 1 (7 decks)

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