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DH 170 - Hygiene Principles > LO 1 B > Flashcards

LO 1 B Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the applied science concerned with the fit between people, their technological tools, and their environment

A

Ergonomics - makes products and tasks more efficient and comfortable for users

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2
Q

What is the goal of ergonomics?

A

For equipment to fit the user, not the other way around

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3
Q

Why are ergonomics important?

A
  1. Minimizes occupational health risks
  2. Increases long term health and wellness
  3. Provides client comfort and safety in DH appointments
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4
Q

What are musculoskeletal disorders?

A

Conditions where parts of the musculoskeletal system (muscles, tendons, nerves) or supporting structures (intervertebral discs) are injured over time

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5
Q

What are examples of ergonomic hazards for dental hygienists?

A
  1. Awkward posture - aim for neutral (back, shoulders, wrists)
  2. Static postures - need to move around when possible
  3. Force - excessive pinching or gripping of instrument can cause issues
  4. Repetitive movements - defined as same movement for 50%+ of work cycle
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6
Q

What are common musculoskeletal disorders for dental hygienists?

A
  1. Carpal tunnel syndrome
  2. De quervain syndrome
  3. Thoracic outlet compression
  4. Rotator cuff tendonitis
  5. Low back pain
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7
Q

What is carpel tunnel syndrome?

A
  1. Painful disorder if wrist and hand caused by compression of the median nerve .
  2. Will experience numbness or pain in the thumb, index, middle, and 1/2 of ring finger
  3. Nocturnal pain in hands and forearms
  4. Daytime stiffness
  5. Loss of strength in hands
  6. Cold fingers
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8
Q

What are the dental hygiene-related causes of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A
  1. Pinch gripping an instrument without resting muscles
  2. Repeatedly bending hand down, up or from side to side at the wrist
  3. Wearing gloves that are too tight
  4. Pregnancy or arthritis
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9
Q

What is de quervain syndrome?

A
  1. Painful inflammation of tendons in side of wrist and base of thumb
  2. Pain, swelling and inflammation on thumb and side of wrist
  3. Made worse with grasping and twisting activities
  4. Occassional catching or snapping when moving the thumb
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10
Q

What causes de quervain syndrome?

A
  1. Repetitive motion combining hand twisting and tightly gripping
  2. Prolonged ulner deviation (hand off to the side like a wave)
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11
Q

What is thoracic outlet compression?

A

A painful disorder of the shoulder, arm, hand, and wrist due to the compression of the nerves, arteries, and veins as they pass from the neck to arm (thoracic outlet)

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12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of thoracic outlet compression?

A
  1. Pain/ tingling/ weakness in the shoulder and arm (especially when raising)
  2. Muscle weakness/ fatigue
  3. Headaches in back of head
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13
Q

What are the causes of thoracic outlet compression?

A
  1. Poor posture - tilting head forward/ hunching shoulders
  2. Continuously reaching overhead
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14
Q

What is rotator cuff tendonitis?

A
  1. Painful inflammation of the tendons in the shoulder region
  2. Signs include, pain in front or side of shoulder joint and impaired joint function
  3. Made worse with activity
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15
Q

What are the causes of rotator cuff tendonitis?

A
  1. Holding the elbow above waist level
  2. Holding upper arm away from the body
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16
Q

What is tension neck syndrome?

A
  1. Inflammation in the cervical part of the trapezius muscle
  2. One of the most frequently diagnosed MSDs among RDHs
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17
Q

What is one of the most frequently diagnosed MSDs amongst RDHs?

A

Tension neck syndrome

18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of tension neck syndrome?

A
  1. Pain and stiffness around neck
  2. Pain between shoulder blades (may radiate down arms)
  3. Muscle tightness and tenderness in neck
  4. Palpable hardness in neck
  5. Limited neck movement
  6. Headaches
19
Q

What are the causes of tension neck syndrome?

A
  1. Improper positioning of clinicians head and neck (forward head posture)
  2. Elevated arm posture
20
Q

People often think of lower back injuries as caused by a single event, but more lower back injuries occur from _______

A

The cumulative effect of bending, twisting, or excessive sitting (working in seated position causes static load on back)

21
Q

Describe disc degeneration and herniation

A
  1. Sitting while flexing forward compresses discs in the front
  2. Uneven pressure on the disc leads to disc bulging and herniation
  3. When the disc bulges or herniates backwards the nerves can become pinched
22
Q

What 7 things can dental hygieneists do to prevent ergonomic injuries?

A
  1. Exercise regularly
  2. Take breaks when possible
  3. Consider instrument factors
  4. Consider magnification
  5. Manage appointments
  6. Use proper client/operator positioning
23
Q

What are the benefits of strength training?

A
  1. Improves strength and flexibility
  2. Improves lumbar spine, neck muscle, lower back health
  3. Strengthens abdominals
  4. Strengthens finger, hand, and arm muscles
24
Q

What are the benefits of aerobic exercise?

A
  1. Improves blood flow to tissues
  2. Reduces blood pressure and body fat
  3. Has psychological benefits
25
Q

What are the benefits of stretching?

A
  1. Reduces muscle and joint injury
  2. Increases blood flow to muscles
  3. Increases synovial fluid
  4. Reduces trigger points
  5. Maintains range of motion
  6. Increases nutrient supply to spinal discs
  7. Tendon-glidinf chairside excercises recommend before work and throughout the day
26
Q

What 3 things can you do at work to prevent MSDs?

A
  1. Take frequent, shorter breaks
  2. Change positions often (before symptoms arise)
  3. Remember to return to neutral postures
27
Q

What instrument qualities should you look for?

A
  1. Larger instrument handles (a variety of sizes)
  2. Lighter, hollow instruments
  3. Textured handles
  4. Keep instruments sharp
28
Q

______ is the most overlooked ergonomic factor

A

Glove fit - should not be too tight across palm and finger length should be adequate to allow for comfortable finger movement

29
Q

What is the benefit of using loupes?

A
  1. Should improve neck posture and clearer vision
  2. Can add a light
  3. Consider the weight
30
Q

Why is managing appointments important?

A
  1. Difficult procedures back to back does not provide enough rest time
31
Q

What is the purpose of correct client/operator positioning?

A
  1. To prevent clinician discomfort and injury
  2. To permit a clear view of the tooth/area being worked on
  3. To allow access to the teeth during instrumentation
  4. To facilitate efficient treatment of the client
32
Q

What constitutes proper client/operator positioning?

A
  1. Neutral head, shoulder, back, hips, forearms, and wrists
  2. Client chin up or down for visibility
  3. Operator in correct clock position
  4. Operator face 28-35 cm from client
  5. Client’s mouth at operator’s waist
  6. Light at full arms length and oriented for full illumination
  7. Instruments within easy reach
33
Q

The upright client position is used for _________

A

Interviewing and educating

34
Q

Semi-supine position is used for ________

A

Client with cardiovascular and respiratory disease

35
Q

Supine position is used for ______

A

Most clients

36
Q

Describe neutral client position

A
  1. Clients toes even with it slightly higher than tio of nose
  2. Top of client’s head even with upper edge of head rest
37
Q

Neutral head position is within ______

A

0-15°

38
Q

Neutral back position is within _____ and all bending should come from _______

A

0-20°; the hips

39
Q

Neutral forearm position is within ______

A

100-60° (90 is ideal)

40
Q

Bracket table should be ______ so clinician can easily see instruments

A

As low as possible

41
Q

Instruments should be accessible without ________

A

Stretching or reaching over a client

DH 170 - Hygiene Principles (3 decks)

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