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Anatomy & Physiology > Oral Biology > Flashcards

Oral Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Key features of enamel

A
  • Resists abrasion
  • Brittle
  • Supported by dentine
  • Varies in thickness
  • Translucent - increasing with mineralisation
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2
Q

What enamel cover?

A

Tooth crown

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3
Q

Enamel content

A
  • Hydroxyapatite - 95% Mass
  • Water 💧- 4% Mass
  • Organic matrix - 1% Mass (Enamelins, Amelogenins, Peptides, Amino acids)
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4
Q

Content of Dentine

A
  • Hydroxyapatite - 70% Weight
  • Water - 10% - Weight
  • Organic matrix - 20% Weight
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5
Q

Who forms the bulk of the tooth ?

A

Dentine

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6
Q

Contents of dentinal tubules

A

Odontoblast process
Unmyelinated nerve terminals (Sensory)
Dendritic cells
Dentinal fluid / ECF - from pulp

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7
Q

Pulp content

A
  • CellsOdontoblasts, fibroblasts, defence cells
  • Extracellular componentsFibres (Collagen, oxytalan)Matrix (Proteoglycans, chondroitin SO4, dermatan SO4)
  • NervesSensory; autonomic (Sympathetic)
  • Blood vessels & Lymphatics
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8
Q

Function of the pulp

A

Dentine growth & Repair

Defence - immune cells and lymphatics

Neural - Sensory, control of dentinogenesis

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9
Q

Who covers root of dentine?

A

Cementum

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10
Q

Where Cellular cementum present in the tooth?

A

In apical part of the root and furcation regions

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11
Q

Where acellular cementum present in the tooth?

A

Usually adjacent to dentine

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12
Q

Who form primary and secondary form of cementum?

A

Primary cementum—> acellular cementum

Secondary cementum—> cellular cementum

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13
Q

Where cementocytes are found ?

A

Cellular cementum

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14
Q

A is?

A

Acellular cementum

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15
Q

Where Sharpey’s fibres present?

A

Present in acellular extrinsic fibre cementum - 2/3 of root

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16
Q

Role of periodontal fibres - Sharpey’s fibres

A

anchored to the cementum of the tooth and the alveolar bone.

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17
Q

Where, in the tooth, enamel is thickest?

A

Incisal or cuspal region

18
Q

Where, in the tooth, enamel is thinnest?

A

At the cervical region

19
Q

What is the name of these fine lines running all the way from the EDJ to the surface of the tooth?

A

These represent the enamel rods

20
Q

What are the thicker brownish lines, that run obliquely from the outer surface to the EDJ?

A

Striae of Retzius

21
Q

The cross striations present in enamel rod are about 0.004mm (4 µm) apart. Assume that the maximum thickness of enamel is 2.5 mm at the tip of a cusp (2.5 mm = 2,500 micrometres). How long will it take to lay down the full thickness of enamel in a permanent tooth?

250 days
250 week
125 days
625 days.

A

625 days

22
Q

What can accumulate here and facilitate the beginning of caries?

A

Plaque

23
Q

A number of structures are present within dentinal tubules. Cell processes from which cell can be found on dentinal tubules near the pulp?

Cementoblasts
Fibroblasts
Odontoblasts
Oligodendrocytes

A

Odontoblasts

24
Q

Some tubules may also contain nerve terminals which are:

Myelinated
Unmyelinated

A

Unmyelinated

25
Q

A few tubules may contain dendritic cells (part of the immune system). Are the processes from odontoblasts, nerves and dendritic cells found all the way along the dentinal tubules?

Yes
No
Sometimes

A

No

26
Q

Where dentinal tubules are closer together?
Inner
Outer

A

Inner dentine

27
Q

Where dentinal tubules are larger?
Inner
Outer

A

Inner dentine

28
Q

How cells are organised on a pseudostratified cell layer?

A

They have a single layer

In a pseudostratified cell layer the nuclei are irregularly placed, giving the appearance of several cell layers.

29
Q

Name another structure where you have seen a pseudostratified columnar cell layer.

Ciliated columnar epithelium of trachea
Skin
Vascular endothelium

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium of trachea

30
Q

Cementum is important because it can:

compensate tooth wear by growing
reinforce the weak dentine
shrink and compensate excessive dentinal growth

A

compensate tooth wear by growing

31
Q

What is the function of tertiary dentine?

Protective
Inflamatory
Degenerative

A

Protective

32
Q

How oral fluids have a protection function?

A

Cleansing
Mucosal protection
Buffering
Remineralisation
Antimicrobial

33
Q

What are the functions of these oblique periodontal ligament fibres?

1-Avoid movement of the tooth
2-Compress the tooth into the socket
3-Suspend the tooth within the socket
4-Resist biting force

A

3-Suspend the tooth within the socket
4-Resist biting force

34
Q

Recall the types of tissues you observed in the histology classes. How would you classify the periodontal ligament?

Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue
Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue

A

Connective tissue

35
Q

Relative to the tooth and bone, in which direction do the periodontal ligament fibres run?

From the bone to insert more apical into the enamel
From the bone to insert more cervical into the cement
From the bone to insert more cervical into the enamel
From the bone to insert more apical into the cementum

A

From the bone to insert more apical into the cementum

36
Q

You will be able to see some glands in the lamina propria and deep to that are some muscle layers.
This glands are:

Exocrine
Endocrine

A

Exocrine
Those are minor salivary glands

37
Q

Recalling the histology microscopy class on muscle tissues, what type of muscle is present deep to the glands?

Skeletal
Smooth

A

Skeletal

The fibres are wide in diameter, and display multiple, peripherally placed nuclei.
The muscle is probably the buccinator, which tenses the cheek during eating.

38
Q

These glands in the palate are:

Mucous
Serous

A

Mucous
You can see the typical characteristics of a mucous secreting minor salivary gland

39
Q

Recall the main histological differences between serous and mucous gland cells.
What are the main histological differences between serous and mucous gland cells?

Serous cells:

flattened nuclei at the outer aspect of the cell
cell nuclei are in centre of cell
stain pink with H&E
‘foamy’ cytoplasm

A

cell nuclei are in centre of cell

stain pink with H&E

40
Q

Recall the main histological differences between serous and mucous gland cells.
What are the main histological differences between serous and mucous gland cells?

Mucous cells:

Fattened nuclei at the outer aspect of the cell
cell nuclei are in centre of cell
stain pink with H&E
‘foamy’ cytoplasm

A

Fattened nuclei at the outer aspect of the cell
‘foamy’ cytoplasm

Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

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