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term 4 > RHS1 > Flashcards

RHS1 Flashcards

1
Q

acute vs chornic CO toxicity

A

acute: bright red

chronic: hypoxic CNS lesions, basal gangia lesions, globus pallidus necrosis

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1
Q

Colorless, Odorless, nonirritating gas.

A

Carbon Monoxide

-higher affinity for hemogloibibn(turns to carboxyhemoglobbin)

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2
Q

Attaches to and inactivates metalloenzymes

A

cyanide

-will inhibit cell respiration

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3
Q

Principal toxicity due to inactivation of cytochrome C oxidase

A

cyanide

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4
Q

acute vs chronic cyanide toxicity

A

acute effects largest O2 organ demads: brain and heart

chronic: weakness and visual distrubances

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5
Q

binds to the sulfhydryl groups

A

lead

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6
Q

inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and ferrochelatase.

A

lead

-impares heme synthesis, Zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP) is formed instead of heme, causing dec IRON

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7
Q

inhibits sodium- and potassium-dependent ATPases in cell membranes

A

lead

-will make the RBC more fragile and more suceptible to lyse

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8
Q

Competes with calcium for binding to phosphates in bone

A

lead

-radiodense deposits on bone

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9
Q

burton line

A

lead deposits on gingiva

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10
Q

Zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP)

A

formed when led is in the body and will inhibit iron

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11
Q

vascular sclerosis and stromal fibrosis

A

ionizing radiation

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12
Q

heat cramps vs heat exhaustion vs heat stroke

A

heat cramps: loss of electrolytes. normal core temp maintained, cramping of muscles

heat exhaustion: heart nor able to compensate for hypovolemia from excessive sweating. core temp in within safe range and will be brief until water is replenished

heat stroke: failure of thermoreg mechanisms. core body temp above 104. general vasodialation and **sustained muscle contraction from RYR1 dysfunction

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13
Q

what are respiratoyr tract defense enzymes

A

lysozyme and lactoferrin

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14
Q

what innate defense is used for virus, bacteria, parasite, fungus

A

virus: lymphocytes and NK

bacteria: macrophages and PMN(neutrophils)

fungi and parasites: mast and eosinophils

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15
Q

MCHC
words for high and low MCHC
-who has a high MCHC, low?

A

concentration of Hb in a given volume of RBC
hyper and hypochromic

HIGH: HS, SCD
LOW: Iron def(drastic), thalasemia (slight)

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16
Q

gives an idea about how similar or different the RBCs are in size
-word for high variation

A

Red cell distribution width (RDW)
-anisocytosis (high RDW)

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17
Q

ovalocyte

A

B12 and Folate Dec (macrocytic)

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18
Q

thassalemia has what shape RBC

A

target

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19
Q

tear drop

A

what shape for myelofibrosis, metastatic marrow, megaloblastic anemia

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20
Q

what shpae immune heamolitic anemia, post spleenectomy, HS, severe burns

A

sphereocyte

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21
Q

what shape microangipathic and mechanical hemolytic anemia

name the dzs

A

schistocyte
-TTP(neurologic- VWF multimers), ITP(antibodies Gp 2b 3a, factor 4), HUS(Ecoli), DIC

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22
Q

what kind of anemia is having no space in the bone marrow

A

hypoprolioferative

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23
Q

hemolytic anemia definition

A

shortened lifespan of RBC and compensatory INC IN EPO, INC IN bilirubin, INC LDH, DEC haptoglobin

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24
Q

hemolytic anemia lab findings on peripheral blood stain

A

Normochromic normocytic anemia, with polychromasia ± nucleated RBCs.

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25
Q

genes mutated for HS

A

ankyrin(most common)
spectrin
band 3
band 4.2

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26
Q

what type of cells come up with a speelectomy

A

holley jowell

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27
Q

cell types seen in G6PD
intra or extra vascular?

A

heinz bodies (intravascular lysis)
spherocytes
bite cells (extravascular lysis)

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28
Q

drug for SCD

A

hydroxyurea(inc HbF-dec sickling)

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29
Q

aspleenic infection risks

A

encapsulated bacteria
H influenza, S pnemonia
bacterimia, spesis, meningitis
babesiosa(will be more symptomatic)

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30
Q

hand foot syndrom(where else is this seen), leg ulcers, priapasm, papillary necrosis, stroke,seizures, ACS, hemochromotosis. gallstones
cardiomyopathy
pulm htn

A

SCD -vaso-oculsion

hand and foot syndrom also seen in polycethmia vers and essential thrombocytosis

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31
Q

what does salmonella do to one with SCD

A

osteomyeolitis

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32
Q

types of cells seen in thasselemia

A

target(micro hypochromo)
basophilic stippling
teardrop

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33
Q

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

Polychromatic cells ± nucleated RBCs

A

B thasalemia major(nucleated cells!)
w/ almost absent HbA, inc HbF

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34
Q

PIGA mutation stops the synthesis of ..
genetic inheriance

A

PNH, invovled in the synthesis of GPI/glycolipid(CD55, CD59, C8) anchor
-X linked and only needs one hit

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35
Q

lab finding for PNH

A

may find pancytopenia(anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) and ascend CD55 CD59

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36
Q

names of the capsid proteins for rhinovirus

A

VP1-4
VP7 binds to ICAM

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37
Q

penton base

A

adenovirus
-with intranuclear inclusions

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38
Q

casual bacterial and viral agent of acute sinusitus /otitis
chronic?

A

acute bacterial: Strep Pneumonia, H eamofilus influenza (Hib)
acute viral: rhino, corona, adenovirus

chronic: staph aureus

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39
Q

lanceolate/flame-shaped

A

strep pneumonia

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40
Q

basis of the strep pneumonis vac

A

capsule, it is also what allows them to escape macrophage via opsonization

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41
Q

Optochin sensitive

A

strep pneumonia

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42
Q

Positive Quellung reaction

A

strep pneumonia
-detects capsule

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43
Q

IgA protease

A

strep pneumonia - contributes to persisiten mucosal colonization(no IgA)
spleen is essential to make IgM instead

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44
Q

compnent of pneumolysin

A

strep pnemonia
-Cytotoxic for respiratory epithelial and endothelial cells
-Inhibits ciliated epithelial cell activity
-Decreases PMN and inc inflammation

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45
Q

most common cause of chronic otitis media

A

staph aureus

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46
Q

s pneumonia 23 vaccine for vs other

A

+65
2-65 with medical condition like aspleenia
19-65 if smoker, copd, CF

-inactivated vaccine from the capsule

other is s.pnemonia 13- conjugate for less than 2 or older than 65

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47
Q

pathologies assocaited with NTHi vs Hib

A

NTHi= sinusitis, otitis, bronchopneumonia(same as mcat)

Hib= meningitis, spesis, epliglotitis!

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48
Q

tripod

A

thumb sign, muffled hot potatoe voice
Hib-epilogittitis

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49
Q

key feature of mumps

A

swollen parotid gland. parotitis/ bull neck

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50
Q

leukocidin

A

strep pyrogenes induces pus in pharyngitis

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51
Q

Bacitracin sensitive

A

strep pyrogenes

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52
Q

PYR positive

A

strep pyrogenes
detection of pyrolidonyl
arylamidase (hydrolysis of L-
pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide)

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53
Q

sand paper rash and strawberry tounge

A

scarlet fever
-following a strep pyrogenes infection/ strep throat

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54
Q

club shaped, chinese letters, pleomorphic

A

diptheria

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55
Q

harboring phage-encoded toxin can cause disease

A

diptheria

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56
Q

GPCR inactivation

A

tracheal toxin- direct damage
Pertussis/Adenylyl Cyclase Toxin-alters GCPR signaling pathways)
pertussis is A-B inactivates GPCR vis ADP ribosylation to inhibit immune signalling and chemotaxis.
-adenycle cyclase toxin inc camp and inc mucus

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57
Q

Presidposing factors for PIV

A

child under 5
Asthma
Vit A Def
lack of breast feeding
(Croup)

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58
Q

Steeple sign

A

narrowing of the traacheal
Croup
Laryngotracheobronchitis

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58
Q

PIV vs RSV peak

A

PIV peak in fall
RSV peak in winter

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58
Q

Necrosis of the bronchi and bronchioles leads to the formation of “plugs” of mucus, fibrin, and necrotic material within smaller airways.

A

RSV
Infection can progress to alveolar sacs (atypical interstitial pneumonia) or trigger bacterial secondary super- infections

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58
Q

HMPV dx

A

bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia
-ver similar to RSV

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58
Q

RdRp–antivirals

A

covid

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59
Q

moderna/pzizer vs johnson johnson

A

M/P: mRNA subunit vaccines encoding Spike protein
JJ: Adenovirus vectors with subunit DNA Spike protein

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59
Q

typical vs atypical carcinoid

A

typical variant
* Centrally located
* Polypoid growth
* 40 y/o age range
* Obstruction, cough, hemoptysis, infection
* Localized, but can metastasize to lymph
nodes
* Resectable and good prognosis

atypical variant: necrosis and or elevated mitotic count

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59
Q

recombination vs Drift

A

recombination is sudden and recombination of two strains

drift is gradual from lots of pt mutations

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59
Q

coin lesion

A

lung harmatoma
-Nodules of connective tissue (cartilage/ fibrous tissue/ fat) along with epithelial clefts.

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59
Q

pink frothy sputum

A

pulm edema

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60
Q

clinical presentation of ARDS

A

abrupt onset of dyspenia, hypoxemia, bipateral pulm edema(bilateral pulmonary infiltrates) and absence of cardiac failure

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61
Q

phases of ARDS

A

day 1-7 = acute, exudative phase (hyaline membrane and heavy lungs)
day 7-21 = organizing, proliferative phase(type 2 proliferation, granulation tissue)
potential scarring 21+

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62
Q

poor prognostic indicators for ARDS

A

elderly,
spesis, bacteremia,
multisystem organ failure

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63
Q

pi gene, what chromosome

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin on chrom 14

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64
Q

fate of alpha 1 antitrysin def

A

accumulation of defective protein in the liver and leads to chronic liver dx

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65
Q

moth eaten appearence

A

emphysema

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66
Q

both chronic bronchitis and asthma will have Infiltrate of CD8+ T-cells, macrophages and neutrophils with eventually fibrosis. hyperplasia/ hypertrophy, mucus plugging….what distinguishes them

A

asthma will have eosinophils present

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67
Q

foul smelling sputum

A

bronchiectisis

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68
Q

lung abcess

A

bronchiectisis

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69
Q

bronchiolitis obliterans

A

bronchiectisis

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70
Q

episodic, Paroxysms of cough particularly frequent when the patient rises in the morning

A

bronchiectisis…change in position causes collections of pus and secretions to drain into the bronchi

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71
Q

Clubbing of the fingers

A

bronchiectisis
IPF

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72
Q

complications of bronchiectisis

A

brain or lung abcess, systemic amyloidosis, pulm htn, cor pulmonal

73
Q

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia mutation

A

dynein (cilia)
leads to recurrent infections and bronchiectisis

74
Q

Kartagener syndrome triad

A

bronchiectisis(defective mucus clearance), dextrocardia, sinusitis

-males may have infertility

75
Q

what causes non-atopic asthma

A

viral infections of URT or inhaled irritants (So2, NO2, O3)

76
Q

what type of person gets aspirin asthma

A

people with recurrent rhinitis and nasal polyps

77
Q

Curschmann spirals

A

bronchial asthma
-cleared mucus plugs with swirls of shed epithelium

78
Q

Charcot-Leyden crystals

A

bronchial asthma
-made of eosinophils

79
Q

asthma causes what kind of pH balance in the b ody

A

respiratory acidosisi

80
Q

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis aka

A

Usual interstitial pneumonia
-progressive
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. lots and lots of fibrosis

81
Q

IPF demographic

A

older males
-Arises in genetically predisposed individuals who are prone to irregular repair of recurrent alveolar epithelial cell injuries from environmental exposures

82
Q

Cobble stone

A

IPF
-with lower lobe fibrotic parenchyma and honeycomb cysts

83
Q

pathcy interstitial fibrosisi
-Temporal (time) and geographic (spatial) heterogeneity (does not affect all parts of the lung
simultaneously and similarly)

A

IPF

84
Q

Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) demographic

A

female non smoker, young

85
Q

Uniform fibrosing process (chicken-wire)

A

Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

86
Q

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia aka

A

Cryptogenic Organzing Pnemonia

87
Q

Polypoid plugs of loose organizing connective tissue called…

A

mason bodied
Cryptogenic Organzing Pnemonia

88
Q

All lesions are of same age, and underlying lung architecture is normal(no interstitial fibrosis)

A

COP

-only the areas effected with the mucus pleugs will be fibrosed

89
Q

what induces collagen vascular dxs,whats a significant feature?

A

AI: lupus, RA, sclerosis,
-will have resitrictive lung dx with pleural involvement

90
Q

pleural plaques

A

absestosis
-do not contain asbestos bodies in the plaques

91
Q

Increased risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

A

silicosis

92
Q

eggshell calcification

A

silicosisi

93
Q

Anthracosis

A

Accumulation of carbon pigment mostly in peri lymphatic regions and lymph nodes
-coal workers pneumocosis

94
Q

noncaseating granulomatous inflammation in young nonsmokers and hypercalcemia

A

sarcoidosis

95
Q

Schaumann bodies:

A

laminated concretions of calcium and protein in sarcoidosis

96
Q

Asteroid bodies:

A

stellate inclusion in giant cells in sarcoidosis

97
Q

Farmers’ lung, Silo fillers’ disease, and Byssinosis all under what umbrella term

A

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
-farmers is mody hay, spores of actinomycetes/granuloma + mild fibrosis
-silo is organics, plant materials
-bysstosisi is textiles(granuloma +severe fibrosis)

98
Q

Smoking related Interstitial lung Disease

A
  1. Desquamative Interstitial pneumonia (DIP).
  2. Respiratory bronchiolitis associated interstitial lung disease.
99
Q

Characterized by a large amount of macrophages in the 1st and 2nd respiratory bronchioles of current and former smokers with slight fibrosis

A

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia

100
Q

Rare disease caused by defects in pulmonary macrophage function due to deficient (GM- CSF) signalling, which results in ….

A

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

results in the accumulation of surfactant in the intra-alveolar and bronchiolar spaces

101
Q

bilateral patchy asymmetric pulmonary opacifications with minimal inflammatory rxn

other sx

tx?

A

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

-gellatenous sputum

-pulm lavage and GM-CSF replacement

102
Q

Cough, abundant gelatinous sputum

A

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

103
Q

BMPR2 function

A

pulmonary htn(normally inhibits the proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.)

104
Q

Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage Syndrome sx triad

A

hemoptysis, anemia, diffuse pulm infiltrates

105
Q

Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage Syndrome dxs

A

good pastures(linear IgG), wegners granulomatosis, hemosiderosis

106
Q

Kidney and lung injury are caused by circulating autoantibodies against the non-collagenous domain of the α3 chain of collagen IV.

A

good pastures

107
Q

Linear deposition of IgG along basement membranes, hemosiderin

A

good pastured (RPGN1)

108
Q

the mediastinum shifts toward the
atelectatic lung

A

Resorption Atelectasis

-absent TF and breathsounds

109
Q

Most often caused by excessive secretions (e.g., mucus plugs) or exudates within smaller bronchi (bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and postoperative states)
* Aspiration of foreign bodies
* Intrabronchial tumors

A

resporbtion atelectasis

110
Q

Air or fluid accumulation in pleural cavity

A

compression Atelectasis

111
Q

Trachea and mediastinum shift away from the affected lung

A

compression Atelectasis

112
Q

Occurs when focal or generalized pulmonary or pleural fibrosis prevents full lung expansion

A

contraction Atelectasis

113
Q

lepidic pattern

A

adenocarcinoma in situ

114
Q

CAVITATION

A

squamous cell carcinoma

cavitary lesions in reactivated TB(HIV)

115
Q

Azzopardi effect and _______cell appearence

A

small cell carcinoma
salt and pepper(also seen in carcinoid)
basophilic staining
extensive necrosis

116
Q

collar-button” lesion

A

carcinoid

117
Q

Kulchitsky cells

A

carcinoid

118
Q

salt-and-pepper and little pleomorphism

A

carcinoid

119
Q

acute vs chronic blood loss
-intra or extra
-peripheral smear

A

acute= intravascular loss, 24 hrs later extravascular loss. recticulocytosis, thrombocytosis, nutrophilia(inc). normocytic normochromic

chronic: PS only anemia. microcytic hypochromic

120
Q

α2-globulin that binds free hemoglobin and prevents its excretion in the urine

A

Haptoglobin

121
Q

is g6pd intra or extravacula HA

A

both
intravascular from the heinz bodies

extravascular from the bite cells

122
Q

erythroid hyperplasia/ ineffective erythropiosis

A

sickle cell disease, thalassemia, megaloblastic anemia

-results in a dec in reticulocytes(causes intramedullary hemolysis-ischemia and jaundice)

123
Q

blood disorders that cause gallstones

A

G6PD, SCD

124
Q

basophilic stippling

A

beta thalasemia
small cell carinoma

125
Q

hemochromatosis diseases and complication risks

A

SCD, B thalasemia major
-risk of cardiomyopathy

126
Q

anisopoikilocytosis vs poikilocytosis

A

variance in size and shape of a red blood cell
-thalasemia, megaloblastic anemia

poikilocytosis: just variation in the shapes
-Iron deficiency

127
Q

PNH risk of developing

A

AML or MDS
aplastic anemia, iron def, thrombosis

MA TIA

128
Q

what causes warm AIHA. is it intra or extra

A

SLE, CLL(B neoplasma)
Drugs-methyldopa and penicillin

-extravascula, positive coombs test

129
Q

what causes cold AIHA
is it intra or extra vascular

A

mycoplasma pneumonia, EBV, CBV, HIV, flu
B cell lymphomas

-extravascular

130
Q

non immune hemolytic anemia

A

HUS, TTP, DIC, malignent HTN, SLE, disseminated cancer = mechanical damage

-Malaria!

DMT HDS + M

131
Q

methotrexate dec what nutrient

A

folic acid

132
Q

hyper and hypo segmented neutrophils

A

hyperhsegmented: megaloblastic anemia
hyposegmented: MDS

133
Q

nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony

A

megaloblastic anemia

134
Q

beefy tounge

A

megaloblastic anemia

135
Q

partly degraded aggregates of ferritin

A

hemosiderrin (one of the two forms that iron is stored as, the second being ferritin)

136
Q

Plummer Vinson syndrome-

A

esophageal webs + iron deficiency anemia + atrophic
glossitis

137
Q

Fanconi anemia;Dyskeratosis congenita; Shwachman Diamond syndrome can lead to what

A

aplastic anemia

138
Q

Ferruginous bodies

A

asbestos bodies
-golden brown rods with translucent centers

139
Q

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Sarcoidosis, byssinosis, silicosis(just looks like a granuloma)
-noncaseous granuloma

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis will also have granulomas but will also have eosinophils

small and squamous cell carcinoma will effect hilar lymph nodes

140
Q

damage to type I pneumocytes with the subsequent proliferation of type II pneumocytes and secretion of factors by macrophages that cause fibrosis

A

IPF

141
Q

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome

A

pan coast tumor
-venous congestion and edema of the head and arm. head will be red hot

142
Q

MOST COMMON CAUSE of Community-Acquired Pneumonia CAP

A

strep pneumonia

143
Q

Resistance to β-lactams

A

Hib/NTHi , maxorella

144
Q

Pneumolysin

A

strep pneumonia

145
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae family

A

Enterobacteriaeceae

146
Q

Haemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein organism and function

A

Viral attachment and binding to silica acid protein of influenza

147
Q

Neuraminidase organism and function

A

Release* and cleavage of new virions from sialic acid. influenza virus

PIV will have (Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase) for attatchment

148
Q

M2 protein organism and function

A

uncoating for influenza

149
Q

MOST COMMON CAUSE of “Flu-associated” deaths

A

sinusitis, otitis media (children), typical bacterial pneumonia (elderly

150
Q

Prominent capsule (mucoid appearance

A

Klesseba pneumonia

K antigen

151
Q

what type of pneumonia most likely with k. pneumonia

A

aspiration(CAP)-Putrid odor to breath & sputum, intubation(HAP)
ventilator
hospital aquired(G-)

-all typical

152
Q

MDR plasmids

A

Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase gives K pneumonia penicillin resistance

153
Q

microbe can progress from pneumonia to Lung Abscess formation

A

K pneumonia

can create an aerobic core for GNAR bactericides to grow

-more complications include bacteremia, sepsis, and meningitis

154
Q

Hemoptysis variations in typical pneumonia

A

s.pneumonia: rust colored or streaked sputum

klebsiella: jelly

155
Q

Lactose Non-fermenter, Oxidase +
G-bacilli

what another G- with oxidase positive, strict aerobe, gamma hemolysis

A

Pseudomonas

m.cat
(only other strict aerobe is mycobacterium tb)

156
Q

Motile, strictly aerobic

A

Pseudomonas

157
Q

“fruity”smelling,yellow-greensputum

A

Pseudomonas

158
Q

leading cause of mortality in CF patients

A

pseudomonas aug

159
Q

what gives mycobacterium resistance

A

having no cell wall

160
Q

pyocyanin

A

pseudomonas
blue pigment
-catalyzes the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide

161
Q

pyoverdin

A

pseudomonas
yellow-green pigment
- a siderophore that binds iron for use in metabolism

162
Q

disrupts protein synthesis by blocking peptide chain elongation in eukaryotic cells

A

exotoxin A
pseudomonas

163
Q

Elastases

A

pseudomonas

164
Q

typical sputum cultures in complicated bronchipneumonia

A

aka AECB
polymicrobial. biofilm of Pneumococcus, Pseudomonas, NTHi, Moraxella

165
Q

Pleomorphic, lacking cell wall

A

mycobacterium pneumonia
-wont gram stain(requires NAAT) there fore causes atypical pneumonia

166
Q

Cold-agglutinin test

A

mycobacterium pneumonia
produces molecular mimicry
no cell walls(different from myobacterium tb which will have mycolic acid in cell wall)

167
Q

number 1 atypical pneumonia CA

A

mycobacterium pneumonia

168
Q

asthma is specific high risk for what pneumonia bacterium

A

mycobacterium pneumonia
-effects 15-25 yrs

169
Q

Strictaerobe
* Catalase & SOD Positive

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

170
Q

Thick lipid rich/waxy cell wall made of______ and ______________

A

MycolicAcid&Cord Factor[Trehalose dimycolate]
mycobacterium tuberculosis
-NOT peptidoglycan
- inhibits phago lysosome fusion!!

171
Q

regions of inflammation for active Pulmonary Tuberculosis(primary, recurrent, military)

A
  • Primary – Mid lung
  • Reactivated – Apex * Miliary - Dispersed
172
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

A

acid fast TB microscopy

173
Q

Rhodamine-Auramine

A

TB microscopy

174
Q

Löwenstein-Jensen medium

A

TB culture

175
Q

Interferon-γ Release Assays IGRA find what

aka?

A

Mycobacterium TB-specific memory CD4+ T cells

-helps distinguish vaccinated or latent infection

aka QuantiFERON

176
Q

defect in TGF-β signaling,

A

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

characterized by having dilated, thin-walled blood vessels that bleed easily.

177
Q

Rituximab

A

chornic immune thrombocytopenia Purapura tx

178
Q

These usually present as large posttraumatic ecchymoses or hematomas, continued bleeding after a
laceration or surgery.

A

platelet factor deficiencies

hereditary: factor 8 and 9 and vwF

acquired: DIC, vit K def

179
Q

antibodies against platelets membrane glycoproteins IIb-IIIa or Ib-IX factors

A

chronic immune thrombocytopenia purpura

180
Q

low ferritin causes what to be released and will do what

A

hepcidin inhibition of macrophage ferroportin
-will lock iron into storage

181
Q

Patchy sub-pleural or peri-bronchial areas of airspace consolidation

A

COP

182
Q

1 and #2 microbes for typical pneumonia

A
  1. strep pneumonia
  2. klebsiella pneumonia
183
Q

1 agent for secondary pneumonia

A

staph aureus

184
Q

ghon and

A

primary TB

hilar lymphadenopathy, visible granuloma

185
Q

Inhibits protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF2

A

diptheria

this will damage cardiac, epithelial, and nerve cells

ALSO Pseudomonas Aeug’s exotoin A

186
Q

PIV virulence factors

A

HN binds to host sialic acid.
F protein then exposed to fuse viron and host membrane(this leads to syncitia formation)

187
Q

alpha thalassemia mutation

A

deletion on chromose 16, up to 4 genes to be deleted
3= HbH(Btetramet) 4= hydrofetalis( gamma tetramet)

188
Q

RSV virulence factors

A

F protein for fusion (also in pIV and causes syncitia)

G protein is just for attatchment

189
Q

ranke

A

latent TB

not RANKL for multi myeloma

190
Q

TTP sx
mutation?

A

seizures, fevers renal insufficiency, anemia, schistocytes

VWF metalloprotease mutation

191
Q

antiemetic tx

A

5HT-3: ondanserone
NK1: Aprepitant
Corticosteroid: Dexamethasone
Adjunctant: Benzo

192
Q

G protein
F protein
L protein
H-N

A

G: attatchment for RSV and HMPV
F: fusion/penetriation for PIV, RSV, HMPV, mumps
L: involves RNA Dep RNA poly ‘Large’ in PIV, RSV, HMPV
H-N: PIV, Mumps

term 4 (13 decks)

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