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2nd year Abdominal > Thyroid/Neck Chpt. 12 > Flashcards

Thyroid/Neck Chpt. 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:

A

Thyroglossal duct cysts

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2
Q

Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?

A

4

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3
Q

a cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:

A

branchial cleft cyst

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4
Q

malignant thyroid nodule? hot or cold??

A

cold nodule

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5
Q

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?

A

calcium

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6
Q

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:

A

10mm

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7
Q

hypercalcemia is associated with?

A

parathyroid adenoma

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8
Q

Describe the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?

A

a hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum

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9
Q

Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic finding of a thyroid inferno?

A

graves disease

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10
Q 
All of the following are sonographic finding of malignant thyroid nodules except:
A) internal calcifications
B)echogenic mass
C)cervical node involvement
D)solitary mass
A

echogenic mass

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11
Q 
All of the following are diagnostic finding of benign thyroid nodules except:
A. anechoic mass
B. eggshell calcifications
C. hyperechoic mass
D. cold nodule
A

cold nodule

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12
Q 
Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer?
A. follicular
B. anaplastic 
C. lymphoma
D. papillary
A

Lymphoma

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

A

hashimoto thyroiditis

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14
Q 
All of the following are sonographic finding  of an abnormal lymph node except:
A. rounded shape
B. echogenic hilum
C. calcifications
D. enlargement
A

Echogenic calcification

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism ?

A

Graves disease

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16
Q

A 30 year old patient presents tot he sonography department for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss, and hyperthyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Graves disease

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17
Q

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as?

A

Colloid

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18
Q

In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces?

A

too few thyroid hormones

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19
Q

The thyroid gland utilizes what to produces its hormones?

A

iodine

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20
Q

Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?

A

longus colli

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21
Q

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?

A

sternocleidomastoid

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22
Q

What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass because of its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland?

A

Esophagus

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23
Q

Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?

A

internal carotid artery (but Erin’s test says common carotid)

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24
Q

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than____ is indicative of thyroid enlargement?

A

10mm

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25
Q

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

A

strap

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26
Q

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

A

superior thyroid artery

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27
Q 
All of the following are hormones produced by the thyroid except?
A. thyroxine
B. iodine
C. triiodothyronine
D. calcitonin
A

iodine

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28
Q

Which of the following is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid?

A

thyroixine

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29
Q

What type of gland is the thyroid glad?

A

endocrine

30
Q

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the ?

A

pyramidal lobe

31
Q 
You have been asked to perform a thyroid ultrasound on a patient with a palpable nodule in the left neck. Which of the following transducers would provide the most optimal scan? 
A. 2.25 MHz curved linear array	
B. 5.0 MHz curved linear array	
C. 7.5 MHz curved linear array	
 D. 10 MHz linear array
A

10 MHZ linear array

32
Q 
The differential diagnosis for thyroiditis includes all of the following except: 
A. Hemorrhagic cyst 	
B. Goiter 	
C. Multinodular goiter 	
D. Abscess
A

hemorrhagic cyst

33
Q

A patient with no significant medical history is seen with a palpable nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid. On ultrasound examination, the nodule is found to be moslty cystic but to contain debris. The features of this mass make it more likely to be

A

benign thyroid nodule

34
Q

The most common feature of a thyroid adenoma is

A

peripheral sonolucent halo

35
Q

A middle aged woman with a painless diffuesly enlarged thyroid gland is referred for neck sonography. The sonogram reveals a hypoechoic but overall coarse homogeneous thyroid echotexture when compared with a normal thyroid. Also seen are multiple ill-defined hypoechoic areas separated by thickened fibrous strands. This is the appearance of

A

Hashimoto disease

36
Q

Which vascular structure is located closet to the thyroid lobes

A

Common Carotid Artery(this was the correct answer on Erin’s quiz)
Internal carotid artery (This was the correct answer in the review book)
So your guess is as good as mine to the correct answer:)

37
Q

Superior extension of the isthmus is called?

A

pyramidal lobe

38
Q

What hormones aids in the metabolism of fats,proteins, and carbohydrates

A

thyroxine and triiodothyroine

39
Q

What hormone is responsible for removing calcium from the blood for storage in the bones

A

calcitonin

40
Q

The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the ______ ______ artery and the inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the thyrocerical trunk of the ______ artery

A

external carotid artery & subclavian artery

41
Q

Each adult thyroid lobe measure?

A

4-6 cm length
2-3 cm width
1-2 cm thickness
*right lobe typically the largest lobe

42
Q

What is a highly efficient way to determine the character of clinically identifiable thyroid nodule

A

FNA fine needle aspiration

43
Q

enlarged hyperplastic thyroid gland?

A

goiter

44
Q

what are the causes of goiters?

A

iodine deficiency, graves disease and thyroiditis

45
Q

sonographic findings of a goiter

A

heterogeneous echotexture,
enlarged
may contain multiple nodules with cystic and solid components

46
Q

enlarged thyroid glan that contains multiple nodules with cystic and solid components may be referred as?

A

multinodular goiter or adenomatous goiter

47
Q

a condition that results from overproducation of thyroid hormones is?

A

hyperthyroidism

48
Q

Clinical findings of Graves disease

A 
bulging eyes
heat intolerance
nervousness
weightloss
hair loss
49
Q

Graves disease may also be referred to as?

A

diffuse toxic goiter

50
Q

Sonographic findings of Graves disease

A
  • Enlarged gland
  • heterogeneous or diffusely hyopechoic echotexture
  • thyroid inferno
51
Q

A condition that results from the underproduction of thyroid hormone?

A

hypothyroidism

52
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis may be referred to as?

A

chronic autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis

53
Q

clinical findings of Hashimoto

A
  • depression
  • increased cold sensitivity
  • elevated blood cholesterol levels
  • slight weight gain may occur
54
Q

in Hashimoto what hormone is secreted to cause the thyroid to enlarge?

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

55
Q

sonographic finding of hashimoto thyroiditis

A
  • mild enlargement
  • heterogeneous echotexture
  • hypervascular gland
56
Q

What nodules are the most common masses identified within the thyroid gland with sonography?

A

benign thyroid nodules

57
Q

What is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

A

papillary carcinoma

58
Q

the distinct feature that increases the likelihood of the nodule being malignant is?

A

microcalcifications

59
Q

Nuclear medicine utilizes _______ to classify thyroid nodules as either hyperfuncting or hypofunctioning?

A

scintigraphy

60
Q

Benign characteristics of thyroid nodules

A
  • extensive cystic components

- cysts nodules (hyperfunctioning)

61
Q

malignant characteristics of thyroid nodules

A
  • hypoechoic mass
  • mass with internal microcalcifications
  • solitary mass
  • enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes
  • “cold” nodule (hypofunctioning)
62
Q

parathyroid glands serves as?

A

calcium regulators for the body

63
Q

What is the most common cause of enlargement of a parathyroid gland?

A

parathyroid adenoma

64
Q

clinical findings of parathyroid adenoma

A
  • elevated serum calcium

- elevated PTH

65
Q

Sonographic findings of parathyroid adenoma

A

-hypoechoic mass adjacent to the thyroid

66
Q

abnormal lymph nodes can result from?

A

infections and malignancy

67
Q

sonographic findings of abnormal lymph nodes

A
  • enlargement of the node>1cm
  • rounded shape
  • loss of the echogenic hilum
  • calcifications
68
Q

benign congenital cyst located within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland and near the hyoid bone is?

A

thyroglossal duct cysts

69
Q

anechoic well defined and unilocular cyst with posterior enhancement

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

70
Q

palpable neck mass located near the angle of the mandible

A

branchial cleft cyst

71
Q

anechoic mass near the angle of the mandible

A

thyroglossal cleft cyst (ck book to be certain of answer pg. 129; it says in the chart that answer but I believe it should be branchail cleft cyst)

2nd year Abdominal (13 decks)

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