Respiratory Illness and Technologies Flashcards
Epidemiology:
- branch of medicine the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why.
- rely on other scientific disciplines like biology to understand disease processes, as well as statistics, social sciences and engineering
William Harding Le Riche
- Canadian Epidemiologist
- saw epidemiology as important feild that studies derterminat of disease
- In 1973, the importance of infectious and tropical diseases imported into Canada by travelers, immigrants, and refugees was highlighted.
Asthma
- Chronic disease involving the airway of the lungs
- Your airways/ bronchial tubes begin to narrow and swell producing extra mucus
- difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing
COPD
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Combination of Bronchitis and Emphysema
- Primarily caused by cigarette smoke
- Symptoms of COPD is similar to ashma
- No treatment for COPD but changes to lifestyle (oxygen therapy) and medications can alleviate symptoms and slow progress of the disease. In extreme cases lung transplants may be required
Bronchitis
causes inflammation and irritation, and the linings of the bronchi and bronchioles swell producing extra mucus obstructing the airway
Emphysema
causes permanent damage to the alveoli resulting in less surface area for gas exchange
Influenza:
- A highly contagious flu virus
- Can affect whole body or just lungs
- Symptoms include:
Fever, dry cough, sore throat runny nose, muscle/joint aches - Treatment is not usually required
Tuberculosis
- A bacterial infection that damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange
- Spread through the air when people sneeze or cough, though it can remain inactive in people
- Symptoms include:
Coughing (with blood), chest pain, weight loss, night sweats
Bacteria can resist antibiotic treatment and treatment is expensive
Pneumonia:
An infection of the lungs that causes the alveoli to fill with pus and mucus, preventing gas exchange, and exhibits typical symptoms of a respiratory infection
Respirtaory infections
influenza
pnuemonia
tuberculosis
Cysistic Fribosis
- Thick and sticky mucus clogs the airways
- Airflow to lungs is reduced and mucus creates an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria and fungi
- Hereditary disorder: Affects gene that produces mucus
- Symptoms:
Persistent cough. excess mucus, more susceptible to lung infections - Treatment options include clearing excess mucus from the lungs, antibiotics, and lung transplants if necessary
- CF can also affect the digestive system
- Thick mucus prevents secretion and production of enzymes and insulin in the pancreas
Smoking
Causes lung cancer, COPD, bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Three main dangerous substances:
Nicotine
Crabon Monooxide
Tar
Carbon Monooxide
- Hemoglobin has greater tendency to bond with CO than oxygen
- Reduces amount of oxygen delivered to cells
- Causes problems in the respiratory and circulatory systems
Tar
- Clogs the alveoli, preventing gas exchange
- Causes cilia on cells in the
bronchi to be inactive - Can trigger asthma attacks
Lung Transplants
- surgical procedure when one/ both diseased lungs are replaced with healthy lungs from a donor.
- transplants can be whole lung or a part of the lung
- takes place through an incision below the ribs
- risks are bleeding, infections, reactions to medication and blood clots.