Respiratory Illness and Technologies Flashcards

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1
Q

Epidemiology:

A
  • branch of medicine the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why.
  • rely on other scientific disciplines like biology to understand disease processes, as well as statistics, social sciences and engineering
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2
Q

William Harding Le Riche

A
  • Canadian Epidemiologist
  • saw epidemiology as important feild that studies derterminat of disease
  • In 1973, the importance of infectious and tropical diseases imported into Canada by travelers, immigrants, and refugees was highlighted.
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3
Q

Asthma

A
  • Chronic disease involving the airway of the lungs
  • Your airways/ bronchial tubes begin to narrow and swell producing extra mucus
  • difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing
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4
Q

COPD

A
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  • Combination of Bronchitis and Emphysema
  • Primarily caused by cigarette smoke
  • Symptoms of COPD is similar to ashma
  • No treatment for COPD but changes to lifestyle (oxygen therapy) and medications can alleviate symptoms and slow progress of the disease. In extreme cases lung transplants may be required
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5
Q

Bronchitis

A

causes inflammation and irritation, and the linings of the bronchi and bronchioles swell producing extra mucus obstructing the airway

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6
Q

Emphysema

A

causes permanent damage to the alveoli resulting in less surface area for gas exchange

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7
Q

Influenza:

A
  • A highly contagious flu virus
  • Can affect whole body or just lungs
  • Symptoms include:
    Fever, dry cough, sore throat runny nose, muscle/joint aches
  • Treatment is not usually required
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8
Q

Tuberculosis

A
  • A bacterial infection that damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange
  • Spread through the air when people sneeze or cough, though it can remain inactive in people
  • Symptoms include:
    Coughing (with blood), chest pain, weight loss, night sweats
    Bacteria can resist antibiotic treatment and treatment is expensive
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9
Q

Pneumonia:

A

An infection of the lungs that causes the alveoli to fill with pus and mucus, preventing gas exchange, and exhibits typical symptoms of a respiratory infection

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10
Q

Respirtaory infections

A

influenza
pnuemonia
tuberculosis

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11
Q

Cysistic Fribosis

A
  • Thick and sticky mucus clogs the airways
  • Airflow to lungs is reduced and mucus creates an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria and fungi
  • Hereditary disorder: Affects gene that produces mucus
  • Symptoms:
    Persistent cough. excess mucus, more susceptible to lung infections
  • Treatment options include clearing excess mucus from the lungs, antibiotics, and lung transplants if necessary
  • CF can also affect the digestive system
  • Thick mucus prevents secretion and production of enzymes and insulin in the pancreas
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12
Q

Smoking

A

Causes lung cancer, COPD, bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Three main dangerous substances:
Nicotine
Crabon Monooxide
Tar

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13
Q

Carbon Monooxide

A
  • Hemoglobin has greater tendency to bond with CO than oxygen
  • Reduces amount of oxygen delivered to cells
  • Causes problems in the respiratory and circulatory systems
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14
Q

Tar

A
  • Clogs the alveoli, preventing gas exchange
  • Causes cilia on cells in the
    bronchi to be inactive
  • Can trigger asthma attacks
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15
Q

Lung Transplants

A
  • surgical procedure when one/ both diseased lungs are replaced with healthy lungs from a donor.
  • transplants can be whole lung or a part of the lung
  • takes place through an incision below the ribs
  • risks are bleeding, infections, reactions to medication and blood clots.
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16
Q

Donor lung transplants

A
  • organ can come frm diseased or living donor
  • donor has to be tested for any medical condictions
  • donors tissue and blood types must match recpuent
17
Q

Artificial Lungs

A

iLA Membrane Ventilator
- inserted into thighs
- removes co2
- co2 diffuses out of blood as blood goes through device
- Goes into a membrane which acts as an artificial alveoli
- temporary artificial lung that connects to the body
- Does not require a pump since connected to blood vessels

18
Q

New Technologies

A
  • The iLA membrane ventilator kept patients alive for a month while they were waiting for lung donors.
  • FLAP inhibitors bind to the FLAP protein and thus prevent inflammation.
  • Bronchial thermoplasty is a procedure that decreases the amount of constriction of the airways during an asthma attack by using thermal energy to reduce muscle thickness in the bronchioles