Respiratory Illness and Technologies Flashcards
1
Q
Epidemiology:
A
- branch of medicine the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why.
- rely on other scientific disciplines like biology to understand disease processes, as well as statistics, social sciences and engineering
2
Q
William Harding Le Riche
A
- Canadian Epidemiologist
- saw epidemiology as important feild that studies derterminat of disease
- In 1973, the importance of infectious and tropical diseases imported into Canada by travelers, immigrants, and refugees was highlighted.
3
Q
Asthma
A
- Chronic disease involving the airway of the lungs
- Your airways/ bronchial tubes begin to narrow and swell producing extra mucus
- difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing
4
Q
COPD
A
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Combination of Bronchitis and Emphysema
- Primarily caused by cigarette smoke
- Symptoms of COPD is similar to ashma
- No treatment for COPD but changes to lifestyle (oxygen therapy) and medications can alleviate symptoms and slow progress of the disease. In extreme cases lung transplants may be required
5
Q
Bronchitis
A
causes inflammation and irritation, and the linings of the bronchi and bronchioles swell producing extra mucus obstructing the airway
6
Q
Emphysema
A
causes permanent damage to the alveoli resulting in less surface area for gas exchange
7
Q
Influenza:
A
- A highly contagious flu virus
- Can affect whole body or just lungs
- Symptoms include:
Fever, dry cough, sore throat runny nose, muscle/joint aches - Treatment is not usually required
8
Q
Tuberculosis
A
- A bacterial infection that damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange
- Spread through the air when people sneeze or cough, though it can remain inactive in people
- Symptoms include:
Coughing (with blood), chest pain, weight loss, night sweats
Bacteria can resist antibiotic treatment and treatment is expensive
9
Q
Pneumonia:
A
An infection of the lungs that causes the alveoli to fill with pus and mucus, preventing gas exchange, and exhibits typical symptoms of a respiratory infection
10
Q
Respirtaory infections
A
influenza
pnuemonia
tuberculosis
11
Q
Cysistic Fribosis
A
- Thick and sticky mucus clogs the airways
- Airflow to lungs is reduced and mucus creates an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria and fungi
- Hereditary disorder: Affects gene that produces mucus
- Symptoms:
Persistent cough. excess mucus, more susceptible to lung infections - Treatment options include clearing excess mucus from the lungs, antibiotics, and lung transplants if necessary
- CF can also affect the digestive system
- Thick mucus prevents secretion and production of enzymes and insulin in the pancreas
12
Q
Smoking
A
Causes lung cancer, COPD, bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Three main dangerous substances:
Nicotine
Crabon Monooxide
Tar
13
Q
Carbon Monooxide
A
- Hemoglobin has greater tendency to bond with CO than oxygen
- Reduces amount of oxygen delivered to cells
- Causes problems in the respiratory and circulatory systems
14
Q
Tar
A
- Clogs the alveoli, preventing gas exchange
- Causes cilia on cells in the
bronchi to be inactive - Can trigger asthma attacks
15
Q
Lung Transplants
A
- surgical procedure when one/ both diseased lungs are replaced with healthy lungs from a donor.
- transplants can be whole lung or a part of the lung
- takes place through an incision below the ribs
- risks are bleeding, infections, reactions to medication and blood clots.
