Cytoskeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

Whats a cytoskeleton?

A

A network of protein micro filaments and micro tubules that run through the cytoplasm

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2
Q

What are microfilaments?

A

Strands of proteins (actin)that act as tracks for things to move along in the cell

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3
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Hollow protein tubes (like centrioles)

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4
Q

Draw a cytoskeleton

A

physical notes

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5
Q

Give features of microfilaments

A
  • known as actin filaments
  • made of protein actin
  • finer / thinner than microtubules
  • give all shape and resist tension
  • anchor organelles
  • involved in cell movement, contraction and cell shape changes
  • play a role in cellular processes like cytokinesis (cell division), cell adhesion and cell signalling
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6
Q

What are features of microtubules?

A
  • tube = hollow
  • made of protein tubulin
  • larger than microfilaments
  • similar to centrioles (9+2 arrangement)
  • more organelles
  • resist compression
  • provides structural support to cell
  • tracks for intracellular transport
  • allows movement of organelles, vesicles and other cellular components
  • plays crucial role in cell division by forming the mitotic spindle, which helps segregate chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
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7
Q

What are the functions of cytoskeleton?

A
  • structure support to give (animal) cells their shape
  • helps organelles into position
  • moves components within the cell eg separating of chromosomes during cell division or exocytosis / cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm)
  • maintaining cell shape
  • provides structural support
  • processes such a cell division, cell movement and intracellular transport
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8
Q

What are the three types of fibre in a cytoskeleton ?

A
  • microfilaments
  • intermediate filaments
  • microtubules
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9
Q

What does it mean when you say that the cytoskeleton is a dynamic network?

A

Moving / Changing

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10
Q

State how the cytoskeleton moves organelles around the cell

A

Using microtubules / tubulin / motor proteins

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11
Q

Give the functions of intermediate filaments

A
  • larger diameter than microfilaments but smaller than microtubules
  • they are composed of various proteins ie keratins, laminated and vimentin
  • they provide mechanical strength, support to cells, anchoring cellular organelles and maintaining cell integrity
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