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baseline test Flashcards

1
Q

what is activation energy?

A

energy needed to make a reaction take place

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2
Q

what is the active site?

A

place on the enzyme molecule where the substrate fits

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3
Q

what is active transport?

A

movement of substance against a concentration gradient requiring ATP

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4
Q

what is bacteria?

A

A single felled organism with no nucleus

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5
Q

What is a cell?

A

Fundamental building block of living organisms

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6
Q

what is a chromosome?

A

Made up from DNA found in nucleus

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7
Q

what is cytoplasm?

A

Found in all living cells where chemical reactions take place

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8
Q

what does denatured mean?

A

When the shape of the enzyme molecule changes so it is not able to function

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9
Q

what is diffusion?

A

the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration

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10
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction

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11
Q

What is a food chain ?

A

Feeding relationship between different organisms in an ecosystem

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12
Q

What is a gene?

A

A part of DNA that codes for a protein

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13
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintaining an internal environment

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14
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division in which two identical daughter cells are produced

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15
Q

What is the nucleus ?

A

An organelle that contains the genetic material and controls cell activity

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16
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water from a less to a more concentrated solution

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17
Q

What is photosynthesis ?

A

Process carried out by plants in which light energy is used to produce glucose

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18
Q

What is Respiration

A

Process where glucose is broken down to provide energy in all cells

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19
Q

What is a tissue

A

A group of cells that has a similar structure of function

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20
Q

Where in the cell do the chemical reactions take place ?

A

In the cytoplasm

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21
Q

In which process is light and energy used to produce glucose?

A

Photosynthesis

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22
Q

Define the term respiration

A

A process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy in the cell

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23
Q

What is a gene?

A

A part of DNA that codes for a protein

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24
Q

What is the term used to describe the loss of function by enzymes ?

A

Denatured

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25
What is the tissue made up of?
A group of cells with similar structure and function (working together)
26
What is the function of cellulose
Gives support and shape to the cell
27
What is the function of the cell membrane
Surrounds cell content
28
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains DNA and controls cell activity
29
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Site of metabolic reactions
30
What is the function of the large permanent vacuole?
Contains cell sap and helps provide shape to the cell
31
Is the cellulose cell wall a feature in a plant or animal cell ?
Plant
32
Is the cell membrane a feature in a plant or animal cell?
Both
33
Is the nucleus a feature in a plant or animal cell?
Both
34
Is the cytoplasm a feature in plant or animal cells?
Both
35
Is the permanent vacuole a plant or animal cell
Plant
36
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Transports and stores lipids
37
Ribosomes
Site of photosynthesis
38
SMOOTH _________________ RETICULUM
Endoplasmic
39
ROUGH ______________ RETICULUM
Endoplasmic (Has ribosomes on the surface)
40
What does the lysosome do?
Digestive enzymes to destroy old organelles
41
What are the features of a prokaryote cell?
- flagella - nucleoid - plasmid - slime capsule - cell walls - cytoplasm - cell membrane - ribosomes - DNA
42
Major component found in plant cell wall - cellulose
Carbohydrates
43
Provides thermal insulation
Lipids
44
Can either be found as fats or oils
Lipids
45
Needed to build up muscles in animals
Proteins
46
Main compound used in respiration
Carbohydrates
47
Amino acids are the building blocks
Protein
48
Made up of fatty acids and glycerol
Lipids
49
Examples include enzymes, hormones and haemoglobin
Proteins
50
Includes glucose, sucrose, starch
Carbohydrates
51
Denature/ break down at high temperature
Proteins
52
What’s a monomer
Building block of smaller units of which larger molecules are made (polymers)
53
What is a polymer?
Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together by condensation reactions
54
FOR CARBOHYDRATES GIVE: Name of monomers Name of polymers Functions of the biological molecule Elements found in this biological molecule
- Glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose - cellulose, starch, glycogen - source of energy - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
55
FOR LIPIDS GIVE: Name of monomers Name of polymers Functions of the biological molecule Elements found in this biological molecule
- lipids don’t have monomers - n/a - source of energy / insulation - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
56
FOR PROTEINS GIVE: Name of monomers Name of polymers Functions of the biological molecule Elements found in this biological molecule
- amino acids - enzymes, haemoglobin, insulin, keratin - muscle development, immune system, enzymes - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen , oxygen
57
FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS GIVE: Name of monomers Name of polymers Functions of the biological molecule Elements found in this biological molecule
- nucleotides - DNA & RNA - coding of your traits, genetic information - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen
58
GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE: Reducing sugar
- Add Benedict’s solution to a food sample and heat in a water bath (85*C) - Look for colour change to brick red (precipitate) (The closer to brick red, the more reducing sugar)
59
GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE: IODINE
- add iodine to the food sample (to test for starch) - look for colour change of blue/black
60
GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE: Protein
- add burnet solution to your food sample - colour change to lilac/purple
61
GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE: lipid
- add ethanol and water - milky white precipitate (cloudy emulsion)
62
What does A, C , G , T stand for
- adenine - cytosine - guanine - thymine
63
How many letters code for each amino acid?
3
64
How many letter codes are there altogether?
64
65
How many different amino acids are there?
20
66
How many amino acids have more than 1 code?
18

Biology (14 decks)

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