11.1 Organic Chemistry & 11.3 Representing the Formulae of Organic Compounds Flashcards
1
Q
What is a hydrocarbon?
A
- A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
2
Q
What does it mean for a molecule to be saturated?
A
- It contains only single carbon-carbon bonds
3
Q
What does it mean for a molecule to be unsaturated?
A
- It contains carbon-carbon multiple bonds (including an aromatic ring)
4
Q
What is a homologous series? Required.
A
- A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
5
Q
What is a functional group?
A
- A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a molecule
6
Q
What are the different types of formulae used to represent organic compounds?
A
- Molecular
- Empirical
- Displayed
- Structural
- Skeletal
- General
7
Q
What is a molecular formula?
A
- The number of each type of atom present in one molecule of a compound
8
Q
What is an empirical formula? Required.
A
- The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
9
Q
What is the problem with molecular and empirical formulae?
A
- They give no information about the structure of a molecule
10
Q
What is a displayed formula?
A
- The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
(- Basic 2D drawing of molecules.)
11
Q
What is a structural formula?
A
- The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
- It shows which functional groups are present
- Double and triple bonds may be shown
- E.g.: CH3CH2CH2CH3/ CH3(CH2)2CH3
12
Q
What is a skeletal formula?
A
- The simplified organic formula of a molecule, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains
- Only a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups are left
13
Q
What is a general formula?
A
- The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
