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PHARM 205 (Midterm) > Midterm Exam (TAMA Act ㅡ Homeopathy ㅡ Naturopathy) > Flashcards

Midterm Exam (TAMA Act ㅡ Homeopathy ㅡ Naturopathy) Flashcards

1
Q

TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE/TAMA ACT OF 1997

A

(RA 8423)

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2
Q

the late senator and former health started the tradition health care program in 1992 and the program aims to provide an affordable, safe and effective traditional medicine for the Filipino people

A

Dr. Juan Martin Flavier (1992)

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3
Q

When was TAMA Act signed?

A

December 8, 1997

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4
Q

Who is the president that signed the TAMA Act?

A

President Fidel V. Ramos

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5
Q

is a government-owned and controlled corporation attached to the Department of Health (DOH) which was created in December 7, 1997 per Republic Act No. 8423, otherwise known as the Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997 authored by Senator Juan M. Flavier.

A

Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC)

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6
Q

the sum total of knowledge, skills and practices on health care, other than those embodied in biomedicine, used in the prevention, diagnosis and elimination of physical or mental disorder.

A

Traditional and alternative health care

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7
Q

the sum total of knowledge, skills, and practice on health care, not necessarily explicable in the context of modern, scientific philosophical framework, but recognized by the people to help maintain and improve their health towards the wholeness of their being, the community and society, and their interrelations based on culture, history, heritage, and consciousness.

A

Traditional medicine

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8
Q

that discipline of medical care advocating therapy with remedies that produce effects differing from those of the diseases treated.

A

Biomedicine

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9
Q

Biomedicine is also called ___?

A

• “allopathy”
• “western medicine”
• “orthodox medicine”
• “Cosmopolitan medicine.”

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10
Q

other forms of non-allopathic, occasionally non-indigenous or imported healing methods, though not necessarily practiced for centuries nor handed down from one generation to another.

some ____________ include reflexology, acupressure, chiropractic, nutritional therapy, and other similar methods.

A

Alternative health care modalities

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11
Q

finished, labeled, medicinal products that contain as active ingredient/s serial or underground part/s of plant or other materials or combination thereof, whether in the crude state or as plant preparations.

A

Herbal medicines

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12
Q

those foods that grow spontaneously in nature whether or not they are tended by man.

it also refers to foods that have been prepared from grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, meats, fish, eggs, honey, raw milk, and the like, without the use or addition of additives, preservatives, artificial colors and flavors, or manufactured chemicals of any sort after harvest or slaughter.

A

Natural product

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13
Q

any and all operations involved in the production, including preparation, propagation, processing, formulating, filling, packing, repacking, altering, ornamenting, finishing, or otherwise changing the container, wrapper, or labeling of a consumer product in the furtherance of the distribution of the same from the original place of manufacture to the person who makes the final delivery or sale to the ultimate consumer.

A

Manufacture

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14
Q

the relatively old, highly respected people with a profound knowledge of traditional remedies.

A

Traditional healers

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15
Q

is the legal basis by which the indigenous communities exercise their rights to have access to, protect, control over their cultural knowledge and product, including, but not limited to, traditional medicines, and includes the right to receive compensation for it.

A

Intellectual property rights

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16
Q

an ancient medicinal system that emerged in India; promotes specific lifestyle interventions and natural therapies.

A

Ayurveda

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17
Q

Ayurveda = _______ ?

A

“knowledge of life.”

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18
Q

Ayurveda treatment starts with:

A

a. internal purification process
b. special diet
c. herbal remedies
d. massage therapy
e. Yoga
f. meditation

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19
Q

partly based on old spiritual and herbal medicine in remote rural communities.

A

TCAM’s credibility

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20
Q

spiritual mediators, preserved healing practices in their communities.

A

“Babaylans” or woman healers

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21
Q

have the same level of trust, respect, and authority in their individual communities.

A

TCAM practitioners and indigenous healers

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22
Q

ancient system of health and wellness that’s been used in China for thousands of years.

A

Traditional Chinese Medicine

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23
Q

focuses mainly on treating disease but TCM looks at your entire well-being.

A

Western medicine

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24
Q

in charge of conducting research, managing operations, and setting standards for traditional and alternative medicine established after the Bill 8423, was passed in 1997.

A

The Philippine Department of Health’s Institute of Traditional and Alternative Medicine

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25
Q

ARTICLE I, SECTION 3

A

(a) To encourage scientific research on and develop traditional and alternative health care systems that have direct impact on public health care;

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26
Q

ARTICLE III, SECTION 6

A

(a) To plan and carry out research and development activities in the areas of traditional and alternative health care and its ultimate integration into the national health care delivery system;

(k) To coordinate with other institutions and agencies involved in the research on herbal medicines;

27
Q

ARTICLE IV, SECTION 12

A

Traditional and Alternative Health Care Advocacy and Research Program

• The Institute shall promulgate a nationwide campaign to boost support for the realization of the objectives of this Act.

• It shall encourage the participation of non-government organizations in traditional and alternative health care and health-related projects.

• The Institute shall also formulate and implement a research program on the indigenous Philippine traditional health care practices performed by “traditional healers” using scientific research methodologies.

28
Q

ARTICLE VI, SECTION 18

A

Oversight Function

• The Institute shall submit to Congress an annual accomplishment report which shall include the status of its priority researches and operation.

• In the exercise of its oversight functions, Congress may inquire into the programs of the Institute.

29
Q

In this publication, it has evaluated regulations on herbal medicines and issued a number of technical advices to help nations build TM/CAM policies and laws.

A

“REGULATORY SITUATION OF HERBAL MEDICINES: A WORLDWIDE REVIEW”

30
Q

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

A
  1. Public Awareness and Education
  2. Regulation and Standardization
  3. Research and Evidence-based Practices
  4. Integration of Conventional Medicine
  5. Consumer Protection
  6. Health Insurance Coverage
  7. Quality Control and Safety
31
Q

A _____ is defined as being safe if it causes no known or potential harm to users.

A

drug

32
Q

There are three categories of safety that need to be considered, as these would dictate the nature of the safety requirements that would have to be ensured.

A

● Category 1: safety established by use over long time

● Category 2: safe under specific conditions of use (such herbal medicines should preferably be covered by well-established documentation)

● Category 3: herbal medicines of uncertain safety (the safety data required for this class of drugs will be identical to that of any new substance).

33
Q

Basis of any assessment of herbal medicines

A

(1) Unambiguous identification
(2) characterization of the constituents

34
Q

Diseases that have a rapid onset and a relatively short duration.

A

Acute disease

35
Q

Diseases that have a slow onset and last for long periods of time.

A

Chronic disease

36
Q

Problems related to ____________ are those which, with time, could recover spontaneously, even without any medical intervention

A

health condition

37
Q

These include efficacy of laboratory test and data regarding the standard dose and dosage form.

A

Pre-clinical data

38
Q

This refers to ‘clinical research’ in WHO General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Herbal Medicines.

A

Clinical data of efficacy

39
Q

This means the addition of one or more plants or ingredients into traditionally used formulas.

A

Addition

40
Q

This refers to the deletion of one or more plants or ingredients from traditionally used formulas.

A

Deletion

41
Q

Two or more traditionally used formulas are put together.

A

New combination

42
Q

Elements of Quality assurance are:

A
  • adherence to GACP, GMP and GLP guidelines
  • setting specifications
  • quality control measures
43
Q

ISSUANCE for Licensing for importers, wholesalers, manufacturers and assemblers of herbal medicinal products

A

NATIONAL DRUG REGULATORY AUTHORITY

44
Q

are required to provide information on each imported herbal medicinal product they deal with, and will be allowed to deal in approved products only.

A

Importers

45
Q

Detailed requirements for each imported herbal medicinal product are as follows:

A

● Full product formula (in the languages of the importing and exporting countries);

● A set containing labels, pamphlet, carton and specimen sales pack (in the languages of the importing and exporting countries, if necessary);

● Particulars of manufacturer(s) and assembler(s);

● Manufacturer’s license or certificate from the drug regulatory authority of the manufacturing country of origin.

  • Pre-export Notification and Certificate of Free Sale of the herbal medicinal product should be obtained from the concerned authority.
46
Q

are necessary to collect and assess information on adverse drug reaction (ADR) relating to medicinal products including herbal medicines.

A

Pharmacovigilance units or national pharmacovigilance centers

47
Q

The following should be considered in analyzing ADR reports:

A
  1. A literature search on the herbal product, its constituents and any co-medication should be performed
  2. The time–ADR relationship must be assessed
  3. The dosage used should be compared with the traditional dosage described in the literature
  4. How common is the symptom with other diseases
  5. Search databases for similar case reports
  6. If no association was found in literature; Check for possible adulteration, substitution or contamination
48
Q

The following actions should be taken into account when setting up a reporting system, or including providers of herbal medicinal products in a pre-existing reporting system:

A

● PROVIDE education and awareness for the public/consumers and professionals

● ESTABLISH a proper regulatory system for herbal medicines

● ACTIVATE medicine information centers in health authorities

● USE existing tools to collect and analyze data

● Emphasize the scientific use of herbal medicines

● SOLVE existing problems in the reporting systems

● ASK for WHO assistance in establishing an ADR reporting system

● ENCOURAGE manufacturers, the public/consumers and professionals to report ADR to relevant authorities.

49
Q

● It emphasizes the healing power of nature including forces such as light, heat, air, and water.

● It focuses primarily on maintaining and restoring health rather than on treating disease

A

NATUROPATHY

50
Q

Who coined the term naturopathy?

A

German priest Sebastian Kneipp

51
Q

The Father of Naturopathy

A

Dr. Benedict Lust

52
Q

Dr. Lust founded the first naturopathic medicine college, the ____________ ?

A

American Institute of Naturopathy in New York City in 1902

53
Q

SIX (6) UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF NATUROPATHY

A

● The healing power of nature (Vis medicatrix naturae)
● Identify and treat the cause (Tolle causam)
● First, do no harm (Prium non nocere)
● Treat the whole person
● Physician as a teacher (Docere)
● Prevention

54
Q

THE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHY

A

● Clinical nutrition (e.g., fasting)
● Botanical medicine (plant substances),
● Homeopathy,
● Physical medicine (manipulation of muscle, bones, and the spine)
● Oriental medicine (acupuncture)
● Psychological medicine (e.g., hypnosis),
● Minor surgery

55
Q

A licensed ____________ attends a four-year graduate-level naturopathic medical school.

A

naturopathic physician (ND)

56
Q

● It is a distinct system of medicine with its own pharmacopeia and principles of practice.

● The dosage form is mostly tincture

A

HOMEOPATHY

57
Q

The word homeopathy comes from the two Greek words

A

● Homoios – “similar”

● Pathos – suffering or disease

58
Q

The principle of homeopathy:

A

“like cure like” or the law of similar

59
Q

Homeopathy was developed in the early 1800s by _________?

A

German physician Samuel Hahnemann

60
Q

means a synonym for conventional medicine

A

Allopath

61
Q

the dose that make us poison

A

Paracelsus

62
Q

regulates homeopathic medicines under Sections 201(g) and 201 (j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as drugs recognized in the official United States Pharmacopeia (USP), Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of the United States (HPUS), or National Formulary (NE)

A

FDA

63
Q

Republic Act 9711 also known as ___________ Republic Act 3720 also known as _________
Republic Act 9502 also known as __________

A

“Food Administration (FDA) Act of 2009”
“Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act”
“Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicine Act of 2008”

64
Q

Homeopathic medicines are tested on humans through a procedure called ________ ?

● involves a healthy person or persons taking a diluted substance and recording the symptoms experienced over time.

A

proving (or research procedure)

PHARM 205 (Midterm) (6 decks)

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