Adult Language Impairments

Question 1

Broca’s area

Answer 1

Incoming auditory information held in working memory.

Question 2

Wernicke’s area

Answer 2

Incoming linguistic processing. Angular gyrus: words, supramarginal gyrus: grammar

Question 3

Aphasia

Answer 3

without language

Question 4

Hemiparesis

Answer 4

weakness on one side of the body

Question 5

Hemiplegia

Answer 5

paralysis on one side of the body

Question 6

Hemisensory impairment

Answer 6

a loss of the ability to perceive sensory information on one side of the body

Question 7

Hemianopsia

Answer 7

Blindness in the visual field of each eye contralateral to the site of a deep lesion

Question 8

Dysphagia

Answer 8

difficulty chewing or swallowing

Question 9

Agnosia

Answer 9

difficulty understanding incoming sensory information

Question 10

Agrammatism

Answer 10

Omission of grammatical elements

Question 11

Agraphia

Answer 11

Difficulty writing

Question 12

Alexia

Answer 12

Reading problems

Question 13

Anomia

Answer 13

difficulty naming entities

Question 14

Jargon

Answer 14

meaningless or irrelevant speech with typical intonational patterns

Question 15

Neologism

Answer 15

a novel word

Question 16

Paraphasia

Answer 16

word substitutions found in clients who may talk fluently and grammatically.

Question 17

Verbal stereotype

Answer 17

an expression repeated over and over

Question 18

anomic aphasia

Answer 18

most aspects of speech are normal with the exception of word retrieval

Question 19

conduction aphasia

Answer 19

conversations are abundant and quick, filled with paraphasia. Paraphasia may be severe enough to make speech incomprehensible.

Question 20

transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 20

conversation and spontaneous speech are as fluent as in Wernicke’s aphasia, but filled with word errors.

Question 21

broca’s aphasia

Answer 21

short sentences with aggrammatism; slow, labored speech and writing; and articulation and phonological errors.

Question 22

Transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 22

difficulty initiating speech or writing. Severely impaired speech is a characteristic of damage to the motor cortex.

Question 23

Global aphasia

Answer 23

profound language impairment in all modalities, associated with a large, deep lesion in an area below the brain’s surface.

Question 24

Ischemic stroke

Answer 24

results from a complete or partial blockage of the arteries transporting blood to the brain.

Question 25

Cerebral arteriosclerosis

Answer 25

Thickening of the walls of cerebral arteries in which elasticity is lost or reduced, the walls become weakened, and blood flow is restricted.

Question 26

Embolism

Answer 26

Obstructed blood flow caused by blood clot, fatty materials, or air bubble.

Question 27

Thrombosis

Answer 27

Plaque buildup or blood clot formed on site and does not travel, causing blood flow to be restricted.

Question 28

Transient ischemic attack

Answer 28

Temporary condition with symptoms mirroring a stroke; blood flow to a portion of the brain is blocked or reduced, but then returns after a short interval.

Question 29

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 29

weakened arterial walls burst under pressure

Question 30

aneurysm

Answer 30

a saclike bulging in a weakened artery wall

Question 31

arteriovenous malformation

Answer 31

Poorly formed tangle of arteries and veins; malformed arterial walls may be weak and give way under pressure.

Question 32

primary progressive aphasia

Answer 32

A degenerative disorder of language with preservation of other mental functions and of activities of daily living. It progresses to a near-total inability to speak over time.

Question 33

spontaneous recovery

Answer 33

a natural restorative process

Question 34

infarction

Answer 34

death of tissue deprived of oxygen supply

Question 35

hematoma

Answer 35

focal bleeding