Motor Speech Disorders

Question 1

primary motor cortex

Answer 1

In the frontal lobe. Connected by pyramidal and extrapyramidal tract.

Question 2

pyramidal tract

Answer 2

direct activation pathway. responsible for rapid, discrete movement of limbs and articulators for speech.

Question 3

extrapyramidal tract

Answer 3

indirect action pathway. Important for regulating reflexes and maintaining posture and muscle tone.

Question 4

basal ganglia

Answer 4

regulate motor functioning and maintain posture and muscle tone. Part of the extrapyramidal system.

Question 5

Structures that interact for motor movement of speech

Answer 5

Pyramidal, Extrapyramidal, Cerebellum, Motor Cortex, Basal Ganglia.

Question 6

Cranial nerves for speech production (6)

Answer 6

Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal

Question 7

Flaccid Dysarthria

Answer 7

Muscles are weak, flaccid, and reduced in tone. Damage to lower motor neurons. Breathiness

Question 8

Spastic Dysarthria

Answer 8

weak, spastic muscles, increased muscle tone. Damage to upper motor neurons. Slow, strained speech.

Question 9

Ataxic Dysarthria

Answer 9

Incoordination, poor accuracy of timing and movements. Damage to cerebellum. Irregular breakdowns in articulation, imprecise consonants and vowel distortions.

Question 10

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Answer 10

Reduced movement. Damage to basal ganglia. Fast, soft, breathy speech.

Question 11

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

Answer 11

Involuntary movements. Damage to basal ganglia. Neck back, jaw open unable to close.

Question 12

Mixed Dysarthria

Answer 12

Worst prognosis. Combination of two or more dysarthria’s and damage to multiple brain structures.

Question 13

Dysarthria vs Apraxia

Answer 13

Dysarthria distorts sounds, while apraxia substitutes them. Dysarthria is more consistent with speech sound errors while apraxia is inconsistent. Apraxia has moments of fluency, while dysarthria does not.

Question 14

Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Answer 14

increased muscle tone. Jerky, labored, and slow movements. Motor cortex and/or pyramidal tract is affected.

Question 15

Athetoid Cerebral Palsy

Answer 15

Slow, involuntary writhing. Extrapyramidal tract, basal ganglia affected.

Question 16

Ataxic

Answer 16

Poor balance, uncoordinated movement. Cerebellum affected.

Question 17

Articulation Disorder vs Apraxia

Answer 17

Articulation disorder is characterized by consistent speech sound errors, while apraxia is characterized by different errors each time.