Climate - Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Explain how high atmospheric pressure influences the climate of hot deserts (3)

A

Ideas such as:
Air is descending [1]
It heats up/does not cool [1]
Condensation does not occur/clouds do not form [1]
Precipitation is low/does not occur/drier/only has e.g. 250 mm per annum [1]

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2
Q

Explain why temperatures are high in areas of equatorial and hot desert climate (2)

A

ideas such as:
Low latitudes/close to Equator/between tropics/tropical areas [1]
Sun is overhead/direct/concentrated sunlight/high angle of sun [1]
High insolation [1]

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3
Q

Many deserts are inland explain why this results in low amounts of rainfall (3)

A

Ideas such as:
Long way from source of moisture/from sea/no water to be evaporated/no water source [1]
Prevailing winds blow over large areas of land [1]
Winds are dry when they reach the desert/rain falls before the winds reach the desert [1]
They may be in areas of rain shadow [1]

In this answer it is important to focus on why inland areas are dry rather than why desert areas overall are dry

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4
Q

Explain why tropical rainforests has an average of over 2000mm of rainfall per year (4)

A

Ideas such as:
There are large amounts of water sources/rivers/swamps [1]
Low pressure [1]
Overhead sun/direct sunlight [1]
It’s hot/temperatures are high/heat water [1]
Large amounts of evaporation [1]
Large amounts of transpiration [1]
Air/water vapour rises/convection [1]
Condensation occurs/clouds form/build up/droplets form [1]
Saturation/clouds cannot hold any more water [1]
Repeated everyday/daily pattern/no seasons/all year round [1]

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5
Q

Explain why there are hot desert climates in some areas close to the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn (5)

A

Any five from ideas such as:
Overhead sun/high angle of sun/only a small area to heat up/sun’s rays are
More concentrated [1]
High air pressure [1]
Descending air [1]
Air heats as it descends [1]
Therefore no condensation [1]
Little or no surface water [1]
Little or no evaporation [1]
Little or no transpiration/evapotranspiration [1]
Wind direction over large areas of land/trade winds [1]
Rain shadow effect [1]
Cold ocean currents [1]
Distant from sea/landlocked [1]

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6
Q

Explain why the equatorial climate is hot and wet (4)

A

Close to equator/in tropics [1]
Overhead/direct/high angle of sun [1]
Low pressure [1]
Ascending/rising air [1]
Cooling/condensation/saturation [1]
Large amounts of evaporation/transpiration [1]
Convectional rainfall [1]

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7
Q

Explain why deforestation of tropical rainforests take place. (5)

A

Ideas such as:
Population growth [1] which leads to increased clearance of land for agriculture [Dev]
For economic growth to take place/country/government to make money/to repay debt [1]
Exploitation of land by TNCs [1]
Weak legislation/corruption [1]
Lumbering/export of timber/logging/e.g. such as furniture [1]
Mining/quarrying [1]
Road building [1]
HEP generation/dams/reservoirs [1]
Agriculture/ranching/e.g. such as cattle/palm oil/slash and burn [1]
Urbanisation/building settlements/housing/places for people to live [1]
Industrialisation/building manufacturing industry [1]
Tourism/hotels [1]
Firewood [1]

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8
Q

Suggest reasons why some animals live in the canopy but others live in the group cover in a tropical rain forest (3)

A

Ideas such as:
Some are able to climb/fly [1]
Some need shelter/protection [1]
Food supplies available (in canopy/at ground level) [1]
Different habitats/nesting areas [1]

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9
Q

Describe the processes which result in large amounts of rainfall in areas of equatorial climate (4)

A

Processes such as:
Heating/heats up [1]
Evaporation of water [1]
Transpiration [1]

(Evapotranspiration as alternative to evaporation and transpiration) [1]
Rising air/convection [1]
Cooling [1]
Condensation [1]
Saturation [1]
Clouds form [1]
Hot [1]

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10
Q

Explain how wildlife (animals) are able to survive in hot desert climate

A

Ideas such as:
Can survive for a long time without water/food/can store water [1]
They eat succulent plants/get water from plant [1]
Large feet to stop sinking into sand [1]
Large ears with many blood vessels to give off excess heat [1]
They stay in burrows/bury themselves in the sand during the hot days [1]
They are nocturnal [1]
Their kidneys concentrate urine so that they excrete less water [1]
Some (or e.g.) have a thick outer covering which reduces moisture loss [1]
Some excrete urine on their legs which cools them by evaporation [1]
Circulate the cooled blood back through the body [1]

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11
Q

Explain why some places have a hot desert climate (4)

A

Overhead/high angle of sun/direct/concentrated/intense sunlight [1]
High pressure [1]
Descending air/air does not rise [1]
In rain shadow/leeward side of mountains [1]
Cold ocean currents [1]
Wind blows over large areas of land/long distance from sea/dry winds/offshore winds [1]

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12
Q

With reference to name examples describe the impacts of deforestation

A
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13
Q

Explain why the equatorial climate is constant through the year with little seasonal variation (2)

A

Length of day and night constant/same all year, [1]
Constant high angle of the sun/all year/direct sun all year, [1]
Low pressure all year [1]

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Explain how each of the following plans in the tropical rainforest have adapted to the equatorial climate:
(i) Channelled leaves with drip tips
(ii) Broad leaves

A

(i)

Drain water from surface of leaf/get rid of excess moisture [1]

(ii)

For maximum/much/increased/large area for transpiration/photosynthesis [1]

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16
Q

Suggest reasons why some local people are for deforestation and other local people are against it (3)

A

For Against
More land for agriculture
Timber for sale/source of timber,
Develop industry /roads/ housing /building/construction/settlement, mining,
HEP/dams
Remove dangerous animals,

Against
Loss of wildlife/habitats/biodiversity, destroy natural beauty,
Flooding, lower annual rainfall,
Loss of indigenous land/move to permanent settlement,
Soil erosion/loss of fertility/lower yields, landslides,
Animals move into towns,
Air pollution/smoke,