respiratory and drug history

Question 1

what are the 6 stages in the traditional medical model?

Answer 1

1- history
2- examination
3- investigation
4- diagnosis
5- treatment
6- follow up

Question 2

what are the 5 stages of the Roger neighbour inner consultation model 1987?

Answer 2

1- connecting
2- summarising
3- handing over
4- safety netting
5- housekeeping

Question 3

what are the 7 symptoms we should ask about during history of presenting complaint?

Answer 3

1- chest pain
2- dyspnea
3- cough
4- sputum
5- heamoptysis
6- wheeze
7- systemic upset

Question 4

7 causes of central chest pain?

Answer 4

• mediastinal tumour
• lung tumour
• tracheitis
• angina
• aortic dissection
• PE
• oesophagitis

Question 5

5 causes of non central chest pain?

Answer 5

• shingles
• lung tumour
• PE
• rib fracture
• pneumonia

Question 6

6 causes of pleural chest pain?

Answer 6

• pneumonia
• bronchiectasis (airways of the lungs become inflamed
• TB
• lung tumour
• PE
• pneumothorax

Question 7

4 causes of chest wall pain?

Answer 7

• muscular/rib injury
• chostochondritis (inflammation of the - costosternal joint)
• lung tumour
• shingles

Question 8

with dyspnoea, what should you consider?

Answer 8

• cough
• sputum
• chest pain
• palpitations
• wheeze
• stridor (high pitched sound- usually indicated narrowing/obstruction)

Question 9

5 dysponae causes that have an onset of minutes?

Answer 9

1- PE
2- pneumothorax
3- acute LVF
4- acute asthma
5- inhaled foreign body

Question 10

3 causes of dysponae that have an onset of hours to days?

Answer 10

1- pneumonia
2- asthma
3- exacerbation of COPD

Question 11

what are 3 causes of dysponae that have an onset of weeks to months?

Answer 11

1- anaemia
2- pleural effusion
3- respirator neuromuscular disorder

Question 12

what are 3 causes of dysponae that have an onset of months to years?

Answer 12

1- COPD
2- pulmonary fibrosis
3- pulmonary TB

Question 13

7 respiratory causes of dyspnea?

Answer 13

1- airways (asthma, COPD)
2- parenchyma (pneumonia)
3- pulmonary circulation (PE)
4- pleural (pneumothorax)
5- chest wall (kyphoscoliosis)
6- neuromuscular (myasthenia graves)

Question 14

cardiovascular causes of dysponae?

Answer 14

• cardiac failure (LVF)
• associated with angina or MI

Question 15

non cardiorespiratory causes of dysponae?

Answer 15

• anemia
• obesity
• hyperventilation
• anxiety
• metabolic acidosis

Question 16

causes of chronic cough?

Answer 16

• common/gastro oesophageal reflux
• asthma
• COPD
• smoking
• post nasal drip
• occupational or other irritants
• medication
• ACE

less common causes:
- lung tumour
- bronchiectasis
- interstitial lung disease

Question 16

causes of acute cough?

Answer 16

• viral or bacterial infection
• pneumonia
• inhalation of foreign bodies
• irritants

Question 17

what are red flags in a cough?

Answer 17

• haemoptysis
• breathlessness
• weight loss
• chest pain
• smoker