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Fluid and electrolytes > Fluid and electrolytes worksheet > Flashcards

Fluid and electrolytes worksheet Flashcards

1
Q

_______________ (fluid inside the cell) = 70% of total body water/40% of body weight

A

Intracellular fluid

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2
Q

_______________ (fluid outside the cell) = 30% of total body water/20% of body weight

A

Extra cellular fluid

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3
Q

___________ (is found around the cells) = 25% of total body fluid (excess = edema)

A

Interstitial fluid

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4
Q

___________ (in the blood vessels) = 8%

A

Intravascular fluid
8% of body weight

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5
Q

Transcellular

A

(cerebrospinal, pericardial, synovial, intraocular & pleural
fluids) = minor amounts.

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6
Q

What do GI fluids contain?

A

Contain electrolyres

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7
Q

Sources of Fluid Gain

A

Liquids 1500
solid foods 800
Water of oxidation 300- Water formed by the oxidation of foods

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8
Q

Sensible sources of fluid loss

A

Feces
Urine

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9
Q

Insensible sources of fluid loss

A

Skin
Lungs

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10
Q

Daily I&O is approximately ___________ ml/day.

A

2500

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11
Q

Osmosis is the passive movement of _________ across a membrane from an area of _______ solute
concentration to an area of _______ solute concentration.

A

water
Low solute concentration
High solute concentration

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12
Q

Osmosis is the passive movement of _________ across a membrane from an area of _______ solute
concentration to an area of _______ solute concentration.

A

water
Low solute concentration
High solute concentration

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13
Q

Osmolality/Tonicity is the

A

concentration of solutes providing pressure in body fluid

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14
Q

Isotonic is ______ tonicity as the blood

A

same

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15
Q

Hypertonic = ______ osmolality than blood = water enters vascular space

A

higher

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16
Q

Hypotonic = _______ osmolality than blood = water enters cells

A

lower

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17
Q

solutes that readily dissolve (i.e., electrolytes)

A

Crystalloids

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18
Q

larger molecules that do not readily dissolve (proteins)
Examples include

A

colloids
EXAMPLE ALBUMIN
low albumin level will lead to generalized pitting edema because there isn’t
enough protein in the blood to keep water within the bloodstream.

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19
Q

Diffusion: _______ move from an area of _______ concentration to an area of _______ concentration.

A

solutes
high
low

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20
Q

Filtration: _______ and _______ move together from an area of _______ pressure to an area of
_______ pressure.

A

water and solutes
high
low

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21
Q

Active Transport: requires ATP to move ___________ from an area of low concentration to an area of
higher concentration. Ex. Sodium-potassium pump.

A

molecules

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22
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure

A

pressure from proteins such as albumin that cause reabsorption of fluid and
solutes.

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23
Q

Functions of the kidneys

A

Nephrons form urine by filtering blood.
Retains or resorbs water and electrolytes when needed and excretes more fluids and
electrolytes when in excess.
Secretes renin, which activates the RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
Aldosterone (secreted by the adrenal cortex) regulates sodium and water reabsorption by
kidneys.

24
Q

ADH (vasopressin) – produced by the _, secreted by posterior pituitary.

A

hypothalamus

25
Q

ADH Reduces
diuresis and _________ water retention if serum osmolality increases or blood volume
decreases.

A

increases

26
Q

(Too much ADH = too much water in the interstitial space which causes

A

Edema

27
Q

why are the elderly at risk for
F&E imbalance.

A

Loss of muscle mass to retain fluid
Loss of sense for thirst
confusion, loss of memory, l

28
Q

RAAS – in response to decreased blood flow (↓ BP):
kidneys secrete ____
Liver secret _____ >
Lungs will secret ___
angiotensin II (liver) >
production of aldosterone by the _ = ______________ of water and sodium

A

Kidneys-Renin
Liver-Angiotensinogen
Lungs- ACE
Reabsorption

29
Q

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) – Produced and stored in the atrium of the heart. Stops the
action of RAAS – causes _ and _________ excretion of sodium and water.

A

Vasodilation
Increases

30
Q

Thyroid hormone – ↑ TH = _ Cardiac output = _urine output

A

increase
increase

31
Q

Thirst is regulated by the

A

Hypothalamus

32
Q

Body fluid varies with

A

Age
Gender
Fat

33
Q

Fat cell percentage

A

↑fat = ↓ water

34
Q

Why are Infants/children at risk for fluid and electrolytes imbalance

A

high percentage of total body water.

35
Q

Why are comatose, confused or bedridden patients at risk for f&e imbalance

A

High dependence to perform tasks.

36
Q

______ is the primary measure of fluid loss/gain**

A

Daily weights

37
Q

Measure daily weights with the same
Weight gain of ____ kg in ____ days generally indicates fluid retention

A

Clothes
Time
Scale
2 kg in 3 days

38
Q

Intensity of fluid loss or gain

A

1 kg (2.2 lb) = 1 L of fluid
5% loss = clinically significant
8% loss = severe
15% loss = fatal

39
Q

Causes of fluid volume deficit

A
  • Excess water and/or electrolyte loss
  • Inadequate water and/or sodium intake
  • Fluid shifts from bloodstream to interstitial space
40
Q

what is isotonic dehydration
The other name for Isotonic dehydearion is_______
What are the causes of hypovolemia

A

Loss of equal electrolytes and water
Hypovolemia
Causes: Decreased blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion.

41
Q

What are the causes of isotonic dehydration

A
  • Diarrhea/vomiting/ sweat
  • Hemorrhage
  • Carbon Monoxide poisoning
  • Third spacing (fluid shift from IV to IT) will cause EDEMA.
  • Wound suction/drainage/blood loss
  • Profuse sweating/heatstroke
  • Severe burns
  • Diuretic therapy

Inadequate intake and excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes

42
Q

In isotonic dehydration, Circulating volume ______ but serum osmolarity _____

A

decreases
remiains constatnt

43
Q

Hypotonic dehydration is Loss of more _____ than ______
In hypotonic dehydration fluids move from ______ to the _____

A

Elecrolytes than water
Move from Interstitial to the cell

44
Q

Hypertonic dehydration is Loss of more _____ than ______

A

water
sodium

45
Q

In hypertonic dehydration, Water is pulled out of the _______, into the ____.

A

Intracellular
Interstitial and blood plasma.

46
Q

Causes of hypotonic dehydration

A

Prolonged fever, Hyperventilation
Inadequate sodium during rehydration
Adrenal insufficiency or failure
Excess hypotonic fluid replacement

47
Q

Cuases of hypertonic dehydration

A

Inadequate water intake (can’t
obtain independently, NPO,
dysphagia, nausea, anorexia)
* Concentrated enteral feedings/infant
formula.
* Hyperventilation
* Diabetes insipidus
* Hypeglycemia
* Hyperventilation

48
Q

Lab values for fluid volume deficit

___ HCT
____ Hgb (if blood loss)
____ Na+ level
____ Urine specific gravity
____ BUN

A

HCT- increased
Hgb (if blood loss) -
Na+ level - >145 INCREASED
Urine specific gravity> 1.30
BUN> 20

49
Q

Causes of fluid volume excess

A

Excessive fluid intake
Abnormal fluid retention (disease, medications)
Adrenal gland disorders

50
Q

Isotonic overhydration is caused by the excess administration of

A

Sodium and water

51
Q

Isotonic overhydration is also called.

A

hypovolemia
Excess fluid stays in the extracellular space therefore causing edema

52
Q

What is osmotic pressure

A

pressure that would be required to stop water from diffusing through a barrier by osmosis

53
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

force of fluid in a compartment pushing against a cell membrane or vessel wall

54
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of dehydration?
DEHYDRATED

A

D ry mucous membranes
E levated heart rate (early)
H ypotension (orthostatic) – decreased circulatory volume
Y oung babies: sunken fontanelles
D ecreased skin turgor
R efill sluggish (capillary refill)
A ttitude changes – neuro status changes, can lead to seizures
T hirsty – diminished in elderly
E xperience weight loss – weight is a good indicator of fluid status!
D iagnostics – labs can determine type of dehydration

55
Q

Hypertonic overhydration is caused by_______
The fluid then moves from the _____space to the ______ space.

A

Excessive consumption of sodium.
Fluid moves from intracellular to extracellur

56
Q

Hypotonic overhydration is known as
Excess fluid moves from the ______ space to the _____ space
Whst does it cause

A

Water intoxication
From extracellular to intracellular
Electrolyte imbalance due to dillution

Fluid and electrolytes (6 decks)

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