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Osteology & Arthrology > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

types of joints classified by type of material or manner in which bones are united

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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1
Q

fibrous joints

A

immovable or partially movable

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2
Q

examples of fibrous joints

A

sutures in the skull

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3
Q

cartilaginous

A

partially movable

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4
Q

example of cartilaginous joints

A

vertebrae and some cranial sutures

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5
Q

synovial

A

freely movable

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6
Q

example of synovial joints

A

knee and finger joints

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7
Q

types of joints classified by functional use

A

synarthrosis, synchondrosis, diarthrosis

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8
Q

synarthosis

A

permits little or no mobility

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9
Q

what type of joints are synarthrotic

A

fibrous joints

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10
Q

synchondrosis

A

permits slight mobility

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11
Q

what types of joints are synchondrosis joints

A

cartilaginous joints

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12
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely movable joints

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13
Q

what type of joints are diarthrotic

A

synovial joints

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14
Q

how are fibrous joints held together

A

fibrous connective tissue. No cavity or space present between the bones (think sutures)

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15
Q

what are the three types of fibrous joints

A

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses (attach tooth to socket)

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16
Q

where are sutures found

A

in the skull. hold skull bones in place

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17
Q

where are syndesmoses found

A

tibia and fibula

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18
Q

explain syndesmoses

A

joints in which bones are connected by a band of connective tissue allowing for more movement than a suture

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19
Q

where are gomphoses found

A

between the teeth and their sockets

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20
Q

what are the two types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis and symphses

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21
Q

what type of cartilage makes up synchondrosis cartilaginous joints

A

hyaline cartilage

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22
Q

where is synchondrosis cartilaginous joints found

A

epiphyseal plates of growing bones in children

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23
Q

what type of cartilage makes up symphyses cartilaginous joints

A

hyaline cartilage over the end of the bone but connection between bones in fibrocartilage

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24
Q

where are symphyses cartilaginous joints found

A

at the joints between the vertebrae and between the pubic bones

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25
Q

what joints have space between adjoining bones

A

synovial joints

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26
Q

what is another name for synovial joints

A

diarthrosis joints

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27
Q

what are synovial cavities filled with

A

synovial fluid

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28
Q

what does synovial fluid do

A

lubricates the joint, reducing friction

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29
Q

what type of cartilage covers the ends of bones

A

hyaline cartilage

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30
Q

what makes a joint weaker

A

increased mobility

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31
Q

how many types of synovial joints are there

A

six

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32
Q

gliding joint AKA plane joint

A

allow for smooth movement in several directions along a place or other smooth surface. two plates sliding across each other

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33
Q

where are gliding joints found

A

carpal bones of the wrist form a GLIDING SYNOVIAL JOINT

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34
Q

condyloid joint

A

similar to gliding joints but have an irregular surface. think two bowls nestled together

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35
Q

where are condyloid joints found

A

metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand and radio-carpal joint of the wrist

36
Q

saddle joints

A

two bones that fit together in a manner similar to a rider in a saddle, allows for bending motion in several directions without sliding

37
Q

where are saddle joints found

A

carpal-metacarpal joint of the thumb

38
Q

hinge joints

A

allows for stable flexion and extension without sliding or deviation

39
Q

where are hinge joints found

A

elbow joint between humerus and ulna

40
Q

ball and socket joint

A

allows for stable movement in several directions without slippage

41
Q

where are ball and socket joints found

A

hip joint aka femur acetabulum

42
Q

pivot joints

A

where rotational motion occurs without gliding movement, this type of joint allows for turning motions without sideways displacement or bending

43
Q

where are pivot joints found

A

between the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas-axis) and the proximal ends radius and ulna

44
Q

the cranium is divided into two portions, what are they

A

neurocranium and viscerocranium

45
Q

what does the neurocranium surround

A

the brain

46
Q

what was the neurocranium formed from

A

mesenchyme for the neural crest

47
Q

what is the viscerocranium

A

face

48
Q

where was the viscerocranium derived from

A

mesenchyme from the pharyngeal arches

49
Q

can bones be part of both the neuro and viscero cranium

A

yes

50
Q

what is the difference between the cranium and the skull

A

the cranium does not contain the mandible, the skull does

51
Q

what bones make up the neurocranium

A

ethmoid, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, parietal, and temporal

52
Q

how many bones make up the neurocranium

A

eight

53
Q

what is a pneumatized bone

A

contains air spaces, usually for sinuses

54
Q

what bones are pneumatized

A

frontal, ethmoid, temporal, sphenoid

55
Q

what are the three sections of the cranial base

A

anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior

56
Q

what makes up the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal bone, ethmoid bone, lesser wing, and body of the sphenoid bone

57
Q

what makes up the middle cranial fossa

A

the sphenoidal crest of the lesser wing anterior, the superior crest of the petrous pyramid of the temporal bone

58
Q

what two bones make up the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid and temporal

59
Q

what makes up the posterior aspect of the cranial base

A

occipital bone, dorsum sellae, petrous pyramid, and mastoid portion of the temporal bone

60
Q

what bones make up the viscerocranium

A

frontal, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxillary, ethmoid, palatine, vomer, and mandible

61
Q

which bone is not always considered a cranial bone

A

mandible

62
Q

what bones contain sinuses in the viscerocranium

A

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid

63
Q

what is a cranial buttress

A

pillars that are formed by thickened cranial bones that allow forces to by pass the orbits and nasal cavity

64
Q

cranial buttress on the viscerocranium

A

nasomaxillary and zygomaticomaxillary

65
Q

cranial buttress on the neurocranium

A

occipital

66
Q

what are masticatory plates

A

cranial buttresses on the mandible and maxillary bones for tooth articulation
-pterygomaxallary
-vertical mandible

67
Q

what do the cranial buttress represent

A

the mechanical support of the face as distributed by the bones

68
Q

what are articulations between mature cranial bones called

A

sutures

69
Q

what are articulations between cranial bones at birth called

A

fontanels

70
Q

what are the four fontanels at birth

A

anterior, posterior, sphenoid, and mastoid

71
Q

are sutures of the cranium movable?

A

semi-movable

72
Q

what do most chiropractors consider the cranial joints to be classified as

A

synchondrosis

73
Q

coronal suture of the cranium

A

between the frontal bone anteriorly and the two parietal bones posteriorly

74
Q

sagittal suture of the cranium

A

between the two parietal bones

75
Q

lambdoidal suture of the cranium

A

separates the parietal bones anteriorly from the occipital bone posteriorly

76
Q

squamosal suture

A

separates the parietal and temporal bones

77
Q

metopic suture

A

found in frontal bones in INFANT

78
Q

basilar suture

A

cartilaginous suture between the anterior of the basilar oirtion of the occiput and the posterior of sphenoid

79
Q

what are wormian bones

A

intra sutural bones that occur within the a suture in the cranium

80
Q

where do wormian bones most frequently occur

A

in the lambdoidal suture, occasionally within the sagittal and coronal

81
Q

what can wormian bones indicate

A

certain pathology

82
Q

osteogenesis imperfect

A

brittle bone disease associated with wormian bones

83
Q

rickets

A

soft bones associated with wormian bones

84
Q

Menke’s syndrome

A

genetic condition that affects copper storage “brittle hair disease” associated with wormian bones

85
Q

cleidocranial dystosis

A

affects growth of clavicles facial bones and teeth
associated with wormian bones

86
Q

hypothyroidism

A

decreased metabolic function associated with wormian bones

87
Q

hypophosphatasia

A

genetic affects bone mineralization
associated with wormian bones

88
Q

down syndrome

A

chromosomal disorder associated with wormian bones

Osteology & Arthrology (5 decks)

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