Exam 3- Abdomen

Question 1

linea alba

Answer 1

midline, tendinous seam joining the 4 layers of abdominal muscles

Question 2

what’s the function of muscles?

Answer 2

protection of internal organs and they flex the vertebral column

Question 3

peritoneum

Answer 3

a double envelope of serous membrane

Question 4

what are the 2 types of peritoneum?

Answer 4

parietal and visceral

Question 5

function of the parietal peritoneum

Answer 5

lines abdominal wall

Question 6

function of the visceral peritoneum

Answer 6

covers the surface of most abdominal organs

Question 7

mesenteries

Answer 7

double layers of parietal peritoneum, pathways for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics; suspend and stabilize organs

Question 8

viscera

Answer 8

abdominal organs

Question 9

greater omentum

Answer 9

specialized fatty mesentery that overlies the ventral abdomen

Question 10

solid viscera

Answer 10

maintain a characteristic shape (liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus)

Question 11

hollow viscera

Answer 11

shape depends on contents (stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, bladder)

Question 12

spleen

Answer 12

soft mass of lymphatic tissue, LUQ, not normally palpable

Question 13

aorta

Answer 13

to the left of midline in the upper part of the abdomen, palpable pulsations

Question 14

pancreas

Answer 14

soft, lobulated gland located behind the stomach

Question 15

kidneys

Answer 15

bean-shaped, behind the peritoneal cavity along the posterior abdominal wall

Question 16

costovertebral angle

Answer 16

12th rib form an angle with the vertebral column

Question 17

what organs are in the RUQ?

Answer 17

liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of pancreas, hepatic flexure of colon, part of ascending and transverse colon

Question 18

what organs are in the RLQ?

Answer 18

cecum, appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter, right spermatic cord

Question 19

what organs are in the LUQ?

Answer 19

stomach, spleen, left lobe of liver, left kidney and adrenal, splenic flexure of colon, part of transverse and descending colon

Question 20

what organs are in the LLQ?

Answer 20

part of descending colon, sigmoid colon, left ovary and tube, left ureter, left spermatic cord

Question 21

in which age group is the urinary bladder located higher in the abdomen than the adult?

Answer 21

infants and children

Question 22

in which age group is the abdominal wall less muscular and organs may be easier to palpate?

Answer 22

infants and children

Question 23

in which age group does the umbilical cord show prominently on abdomen and contains 2 arteries and 1 vein?

Answer 23

newborn

Question 24

during pregnancy, what happens to GI motility?

Answer 24

decreases; can lead to constipation, which could lead to hemorrhoids

Question 25

are bowel sounds diminished during pregnancy?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

in which age group, does fat become more pronounced in the abdomen?

Answer 26

the aging adult

Question 27

in which age group does salivation decrease and liver size decreases?

Answer 27

the aging adult

Question 28

for an abdominal exam, what are the steps?

Answer 28

inspect, auscultate, percuss, palpate

Question 29

what does the contour of the abdomen describe?

Answer 29

the nutritional state

Question 30

a protuberant contour means…

Answer 30

abdominal distention

Question 31

a scaphoid contour means…

Answer 31

caves in

Question 32

for pubic hair, which gender has a diamond shape?

Answer 32

males

Question 33

for pubic hair, which gender has an inverted triangle shape?

Answer 33

females

Question 34

why do we not percuss and palpate before auscultating?

Answer 34

because percussion and palpation can increase peristalsis, giving a false impression of bowel sounds

Question 35

hyperperistalsis bowel sounds

Answer 35

when you feel your stomach growling (borborygmus)

Question 36

hyperactive bowel sounds

Answer 36

loud, high-pitched, rushing, tinkling sounds that signal increased motility

Question 37

hypoactive bowel sounds

Answer 37

follow abdominal surgery or with inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 38

absent bowel sounds

Answer 38

must listen for 5 minutes to confirm

Question 39

what are some causes of abdominal distention?

Answer 39

obesity, air or gas, ascites, ovarian cyst, feces, tumor