AO/IVC Pathologies

Question 1

what is the measurement for an AO if it has an aneurysm?

Answer 1

over 6mm

Question 2

what is the most common sites for blood clots to form?

Answer 2

lower extremities

Question 3

if you have an obstruction in the prox AO, what will be dialated?

Answer 3

distal to the obstruction will be dialated

Question 4

what is the most common cause of an aneurysm?

Answer 4

atherosclerosis

Question 5

what age group is most likely to have an aneurysm?

Answer 5

older men

Question 6

what is the most common site for an aneurysm?

Answer 6

below the renal arteries

Question 7

what are abdominal dissections?

Answer 7

separation of the walls; intimal lining is detached.

Question 8

what is the most common spot for dissection?

Answer 8

Ascending AO

Question 9

what is the most common reason for a dissection?

Answer 9

hypertension

Question 10

what vein crosses between the abdominal AO and the SMA?

Answer 10

the left renal vein

Question 11

what is the most common type of aneurysm?

Answer 11

usiform and saccular

Question 12

what is a usiform aneurysm?

Answer 12

bulge on both sides

Question 13

what is a saccular aneurysm?

Answer 13

bulge on one side; like a sack

Question 14

what is the mean diameter of the IVC?

Answer 14

2.5 cm or below

Question 15

when you have tumors in the IVC, it typically spreads from where?

Answer 15

the kidneys (renal cell carcinoma)

Question 16

when you have a thrombus in the IVC, if acute, what does it look like?

Answer 16

dark (if new)
more echogenic (if older)

Question 17

what is the purpose of an IVC filter?

Answer 17

• filters out a blood clot
• usually put in the distal IVC
• made of metal, so it is echogenic on US

Question 18

hepatofugal

Answer 18

shows blood moving away from the liver, and appears as blue.

Question 19

hepatopetal

Answer 19

shows blood moving toward the liver, and appears as red.

Question 20

if you have a portal with hepatoFUGAL flow, what is the most common reason/diagnosis?

Answer 20

portal hypertension or cirrhosis

Question 21

what is the most common cause for portal hypertension?

Answer 21

poor liver function, or an obstruction

Question 22

what is the most common pathology with portal hypertension?

Answer 22

cirrhosis

Question 23

what is the most common cause of cirrhosis?

Answer 23

alcoholism

Question 24

which vessel carries the most nutrients to the liver?

Answer 24

portal veins

Question 25

what does the portal triad (mickey mouse sign) made up of?

Answer 25

1) common bile duct
2) main portal vein
3) hepatic artery

Question 26

what is a mycotic aneurysm?

Answer 26

an aneurysm caused from an infection

Question 27

what is Budd Chiari Syndrome?

Answer 27

a thrombus (blood clot) in the hepatics

Question 28

what is Marfan’s syndrome?

Answer 28

vessels are stetched, causing weakened vessel walls.
- patients with Marfan’s syndrome are usually tall and very thin

Question 29

how would a dissection appear on an ultrasound?

Answer 29

intimal lining is moving kind of like a flap

Question 30

what is pseudoaneurysm?

Answer 30

a leakage of blood from an artery into the surrounding tissue with persistent communication between the originating artery and the adjacent cavity.