Trunk and Pelvis

Question 1

What are the natural curves of the spine?

Answer 1

Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
Sacral kyphosis

Question 2

What is the shape of the fetal spine?

Answer 2

C-shaped. Curve is concave anteriorly/convex posteriorly

Question 3

What is the order of spinal curve development?

Answer 3

1. cervical curve as child begins to hold their head up
2. Thoracic curve as child begins to sit
3. Lumbar curve emerges with standing and walking

Question 4

What are two contributing factors to the lumbar curve in children?

Answer 4

Early tightness in ITB

Imbalance between trunk flexor and extensor strength

Question 5

What are the purposes of spinal curves?

Answer 5

Resist compressive loads

Strategic planning for visceral organs

Question 6

What is the trabecular system?

Answer 6

Structural development that manages stress and strain as a result of force

Question 7

What do the vertebral discs respond to?

Answer 7

Respond to compressive loads

Question 8

What ligament limits extension?

Answer 8

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 9

What position places the most force on the intervertebral discs?

Answer 9

SITTING HUNCHED OVER!!!!!

Question 10

What are the different motions at the spine?

Answer 10

Flexion, extension, lateral rotation, side bending

Question 11

What are three variables in spinal motion?

Answer 11

Coupling
Amount
Direction

Question 12

What does the line of gravity fall through in standing?

Answer 12

Mastoid process
C1
C7
T10
S1

Question 13

What are the two different categories that act to maintain equilibrium of the spine?

Answer 13

Passive tension

Active muscular contraction

Question 14

What happens to the spine and pelvis during an anterior pelvic tilt?

Answer 14

Lumbar extension and hip flexion

Question 15

What happens to the spine and pelvis during a posterior pelvic tilt?

Answer 15

Lumbar flexion and hip extension

Question 16

What passive structure prevents movement when the pelvis tilts posteriorly? Which muscles need to support during PPT?

Answer 16

Iliofemoral ligament prevents movement.

Since the COG is over the hip, no muscular support is needed

Question 17

What first contracts when the pelvis tilts anteriorly?

Answer 17

The hamstrings

Question 18

What muscle contracts when the pelvis tilts very far anteriorly?

Answer 18

The gluteus maximus

Question 19

What is the role of lumbar-Pelvic rhythm?

Answer 19

Increase total ROM
Less flexibility required of the spinal column
Reduce load on the erector spine (during flexion)

Question 20

Which muscles act on the SI joint?

Answer 20

NO muscles directly act on the SI joint but all muscles that cross the joint act on the hip or limber spine

Question 21

How many degrees of movement are there at the SI joint?

Answer 21

btwn 1-2 degrees

Question 22

What does the SI joint act as?

Answer 22

Acts as a stress reliever for the pelvic ring

Question 23

What is sacral nutation?

Answer 23

Sacral flexion (happens opposite of posterior pelvic tilt)

Question 24

What is sacral counter-nutation?

Answer 24

Sacral extension (happens opposite of anterior pelvic tilt)