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APC > Health and Safety > Flashcards

Health and Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Health and Safety Executive (HSE)?

A

The HSE is the national independent watchdog for work-related health, safety and illness. It acts in the public interest to reduce work-related death and serious injury across the UK’s workplaces.

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2
Q

Define what service the HSE provides to improve safety?

A
  • The HSE is there to protect peoples health and safety by ensuring risks in the workplace are properly controlled.
  • The HSE helps businesses adapt to changes in occupational health and safety law and practice.
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3
Q

How long should H&S data be kept for?

A

Technically forever (subject to nature and intended use), information such as asbestos exposure may be required to monitor long term illness such as asbestosis.

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4
Q

What is the Construction Phase Health and Safety Plan?

A

A document developed by the contractor during the construction phase, it’s purpose is to demonstrate how the building will be built from a safety perspective.

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5
Q

What are the key principles of COSHH

A

COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) requires employers to prevent or reduce workers exposure to harmful substances such as;
- Chemicals
- Fumes, gases, vapours and mists (paint, glue, welding, cleaning agents)
- Dusts (asbestos, silica)
- Biological agents, germs

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6
Q

What is corporate manslaughter?

A

An organisation is guilty of corporate manslaughter if the way in which its activities are conducted causes a persons death and if it amounts to a breach of a relevant duty of care owed by the organisation to the deceased individual.

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7
Q

What is the Considerate Constructors Scheme?

A

It is a non profit independent organisation founded in 1997 to improve the image of the industry. It encourages contractors and their supply chain to implement best practice.
- Aims to promote construction.
- Aims to deliver best practice in terms of site operations (cleanliness of site etc)
- Voluntary effort.
- Delivering standards and benefiting the surrounding neighbourhood and community.

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8
Q

What are the main assessment categories within the Considerate Constructors Scheme?

A

There are 5 codes of considerate practice:
- Care about Appearance.
- Respect the Community.
- Protect the Environment.
- Care about Safety.
- Value their Workforce.

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9
Q

What is the biggest cause of long-term health issues in the construction industry?

A

Breathing in hazardous dust and fumes.

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10
Q

Historically, which type of accident kills the most construction workers?

A

Falls from height.

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11
Q

What is the minimum height of the main guard-rail on scaffolding

A

950mm.

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12
Q

The Beaufort Scale is important when working at height externally. What does it measure?

A

Wind speed.

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13
Q

When are visitors or workers most likely to have an accident on a construction site?

A

When they first start on a new site.

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14
Q

When you last visited a construction site, what considerations did you give to your own health and safety?

A
  • Preparing or contributing to methods statements of risk assessments.
  • Wearing PPE.
  • Attending site inductions and adhering to site rules.
  • Ensuring health and safety was discussed at meetings.
  • Reporting any issues to site management.
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15
Q

You are going to complete a site valuation on your own, what should you do before leaving the office?

A
  • Advise my manager where I am going, who I am meeting, and when I am due back.
  • Make the site manager aware of the visit
  • Check I have the correct PPE.
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16
Q

What H&S hazards have you come across on your projects?

A
  • Impact of site traffic movements.
  • Poor lighting.
  • Manual handling.
  • Slips / trips / falls.
  • Working at height.
  • Noise.
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17
Q

What is a CSCS card?

A
  • Construction Skills Certificate Scheme
  • Provides proof that individuals working in construction sites have the appropriate training and qualifications for the job they do.
  • By ensuring the workforce are appropriately qualified, the card plays its part in improving standards and safety on UK construction sites.
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18
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal Protective Equipment

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19
Q

Can you give some examples of PPE?

A
  • Hard hat.
  • Gloves.
  • Hi-vis vest/coat.
  • Steel toecap boots.
  • Eye and hearing protection.
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20
Q

A member of the public has been injured by work activities and taken to hospital for treatment. What should happen next?

A

The accident should be reported by the responsible person to the HSE.

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21
Q

The site has been issued with a prohibition notice by the HSE. What does this mean?

A

A prohibition notice usually requires the site to stop a particular activity straight away. The site must not resume activity until action has been taken to remove or control the risk.

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22
Q

What should you do first if you find an injured person on site?

A
  • Assess the situation - do not put yourself in danger.
  • Raise the alarm and call for help.
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23
Q

There has been a serious accident on site. When should and Automated External Defibrillator (AED) be used?

A

AEDs can save the life of someone having a sudden cardiac arrest when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating.

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24
Q

What does RAMS stand for?

A

Risk Assessment and Method Statement.

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25
Q

What is a method statement?

A

A statement/methodology that details the way work will be completed. The method statement should outline the hazards involved and include a step by step guide on how to execute safely.

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26
Q

What is meant by risk assessment?

A

Identifying a hazard, measuring the risk and identifying the method of reducing the risk.

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27
Q

What is the hierarchy of H&S risk control?

A
  • Elimination - physically remove the hazard.
  • Substitution - replace the hazard.
  • Engineering - Isolate people from the hazard.
  • Administrative - change the way people work.
    PPE - protect the worker with personal protective equipment.
28
Q

What do you do if you find asbestos on site?

A
  • Stop work immediately and ensure the area is safe (nobody else can access).
  • Report the matter to the Site Manager, there may be a requirement to notify the HSE.
  • The asbestos will need to be tested by a competent contractor to identify the type.
29
Q

Which regulations (produced by the HSE) are applicable to asbestos?

A

Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012.

30
Q

Are you aware of any guidance issued by the RICS associated with asbestos?

A

Asbestos: the legal requirements and best practice for property professionals and clients - 4th edition, May 2021.

31
Q

What are the 3 most common types of asbestos?

A

Crocidolite - Straight blue fibres. Considered most lethal.
Amosite - Commonly known ad brown asbestos. Second most common and lethal.
Chrysotile - Long, curly, white fibres. Most common type used in industrial and commercial applications

32
Q

Name the different types of asbestos survey available?

A
  • Asbestos Management Survey - managing ACMs during the normal occupation and use of a premises.
  • Refurbishment / demolition survey - The R&D survey is required where the premises, or part of it need upgrading, refurbishment or demolition.
33
Q

Where is asbestos commonly found in older buildings?

A
  • Cement gutter and downpipes.
  • Corrugated roofs.
  • Floor and ceiling tiles.
  • Insulated boards.
  • Lagging.
  • Textiles.
  • Soffits.
34
Q

What is an asbestos management plan?

A

An asbestos management plan is a crucial document designed to register and detail how asbestos will be managed in a property and what activities will be engaged to ensure people remain safe from asbestos exposure.

35
Q

What should the asbestos management plan include?

A
  • Who is responsible for what.
  • The party responsible for managing asbestos.
  • The asbestos register identifying type and location etc.
  • Plans for work on asbestos material.
  • The schedule for monitoring the materials’ condition.
  • Telling people about your decisions.
36
Q

How can asbestos be managed on site?

A
  • Remove - eliminate the risk.
  • Encapsulate - process of applying a protective layer onto the ACM which will contain asbestos fibres and provide some protection to the ACM from damage.
  • Manage - set up an asbestos management plan.
37
Q

What is the main health hazards when somebody is exposed to asbestos?

A
  • Asbestosis - a chronic lung disease that can cause shortness of breath, coughing and lung damage.
  • Lung cancer.
  • Mesothelioma - a cancer of the thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen.
38
Q

When is an employer required to have a written H&S policy in the UK?

A

When they employ more than 5 people.

39
Q

Can you list 5 H&S Regulations which are applicable to a construction project?

A
  • Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.
  • Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999.
  • Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2015.
  • Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulation 2002.
  • Working at Height Regulations 2005.
40
Q

What does RIDDOR stand for?

A

Reporting of Incidents Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (2013).

41
Q

Tell me about RIDDOR?

A

RIDDOR puts duties on employers, self-employed and people in control of work premises (Responsible Person) to report certain serious workplace accidents, occupational diseases and specified dangerous occurrences (near misses).

42
Q

What are the key principles of Lifting Operations Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)?

A

They place duties on people and companies who own, operate, or have control over lifting equipment. Includes all businesses and organisations whose employees use lifting equipment.
- All lifting operations involving lifting equipment must be properly planned by a competent person, appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe manner.
- All equipment used for lifting is fit for purpose, appropriate for the task, suitably marked and in many cases subject to statutory periodic ‘thorough examination’.
- Records must be kept of all thorough examinations and any defects found must be reported to both the person responsible for the equipment and the relevant enforcing authority.

43
Q

What is The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005?

A

They require employers to protect their employees from excessive levels of noise that could cause hearing damage. There are two main levels for continuous noise:
- Low exposure action value - daily or weekly noise exposure level of 80dB
- Upper exposure action value - daily or weekly noise exposure level of 85dB

44
Q

Are you aware of any recent amendments to the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005?

A
  • The Fire Safety Act 2021, the Act received Royal Assent on 29th April 2021.
  • The Act amends the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 with the intention of improving fire safety in multi-occupancy premises.
45
Q

Can you detail some of the key changes as a result of The Fire Safety Act 2021 coming into legislation?

A

-Provides clarification on who is accountable for reducing the risk of fires.
- It provides that a ‘Responsible Person’, for example, the owner or manager of a multi occupied residential building, must assess and mitigate the fire safety risk associated with both the structure and external walls of a building and entrance doors to individual flats and communal parts of the building.
- The fire risk assessment for the building must be updated to cover both areas referred to above. The responsible person can appoint a fire risk assessor to assist with compliance.
- Failure to comply with obligations contained within the Act could result in enforcement action being taken against the Responsible Person.

46
Q

Does the RICS publish and information on how to execute your role safely?

A

Surveying safely - 2nd edition, November 2018.

47
Q

What is the purpose of ‘Surveying safely’?

A

Sets out good practice principles for the management of H&S for RICS-regulated firms, members and those engaged in the built environment as property professionals and includes H&S responsibilities.

48
Q

Is ‘Surveying safely’ RICS regulation or guidance?

A

Guidance.

49
Q

What is the concept of a ‘safe person’, as outlined in RICS Surveying safely, 2018?

A

Each individual assumes individual responsibility for their own, their colleagues’ and others’ health and safety while at work.

50
Q

What are the key points of the CDM Regulations 2015?

A
  • To ensure clients, designers, contractors and others consider the health and safety of those constructing, maintaining and demolishing the works.
  • Places statutory duties on clients, principle designer, designers and contractors to plan, manage and coordinate health and safety throughout the project.
  • Improves safety on site through design, planning and management.
51
Q

Who are the key duty holders under CDM 15?

A
  • Client.
  • Principle Designer.
  • Principle Contractor.
  • Designers.
  • Contractors.
  • Workers.
52
Q

Under CDM, what are commercial clients?

A

Organisations or individuals for whom a construction project is carried out that is done as part of a business.

53
Q

Under CDM, what are domestic clients?

A

People who have construction work carried out on their own home (or the home of a family member) that is not done as part of a business.

54
Q

Under the CDM, who must make suitable arrangements for managing a project, including the allocation of sufficient time and other resources?

A

The client.

55
Q

How does CDM apply to domestic clients with no contractors?

A

CDM 2015 applies if the work is carried out by someone else on the domestic client’s behalf. If the householder carries out the work themselves, it is classes as DIY and CDM 2015 does not apply.

56
Q

Who are designers under CDM?

A

Organisations or individuals who as part of a business, prepare or modify designs for a building, product or system relating to construction work. Designers provide information to other members of the project team to help them fulfil their duties.

When preparing or modifying designs, eliminate, reduce, or control foreseeable risks that may arise during; construction, maintenance and use of a building.

57
Q

What is the role of the principle designer?

A

Principle Designers must:
- Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate H&S in the pre-construction phase.
- Help and advise the client in bringing together pre-construction information and provide the information designers and contractors need to carry out their duties.
- Work with any other designers on the project to eliminate forseeable H&S risks to anyone affected by the work and, where that is not possible, take steps to reduce or control those risks.
- Ensure that everyone involved in the pre-construction phase communicates and co-operates, coordinating their work wherever required.
- Liaise with the principle contractor, keeping them informed of any risks that need to be controlled during the construction phase.

58
Q

What is the role of the principle contractor?

A

They must have the skills, knowledge, experience and, where relevant, organisational capability to carry out this work.
The principle contractor must:
- Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate the entire construction phase.
- Take account of the health and safety risks to everyone affected by the work, in planning and managing the measures needed to control them.
- Liaise with the client and principle designer for the duration of the project to ensure that all risks are effectively managed.
- Prepare a written construction phase plan before the construction phase begins, implement and then regularly review and revise it to make sure it remains fit for purpose.
- Have ongoing arrangements in place for managing H&S throughout the construction phase.
- Consult and engage with workers about their health, safety and welfare.
- Ensure suitable welfare facilities are provided from the start and maintained throughout the construction phase.
- Check that anyone they appoint has the skills, knowledge, experience and, where relevant, the organisation capability to carry out their work safely and without risk to health.
- Ensure all workers have site-specific inductions and any further information and training they need.
- Take steps to prevent unauthorised access to the site.
- Liaise with the principle designer to share any information relevant to the planning, management, monitoring and coordination of the pre-construction phase.

59
Q

What is the F10 notification?

A

The form which is sent to the HSE to notify them of a relevant construction project.

60
Q

When is a project notifiable to the HSE under CDM Regulations?

A

Work is expected to:
- Last longer than 30 working days and have more than 20 workers working at the same time at any point on the project.
- Exceed 500 person days.

61
Q

Who issues the F10?

A

This is the client’s responsibility; however, the F10 is often delegated to the principle designer or H&S advisor.

62
Q

What is pre-construction information (PCI)?

A
  • Pre-construction information plays a vital role in the tender documentation. It enables prospective contractors to be aware of the project’s H&S and welfare requirements. This will allow prospective contractors to have a level playing field as far as H&S is concerned on which to provide tender submissions.
  • During its development, the PCI can provide a focus at which H&S considerations of the design are brought together under the control of the principle designer.
63
Q

What is included in the pre-construction information (PCI)?

A

Includes:
- Description of works.
- Client considerations and management requirements.
- Environmental restrictions and existing site risks.
- Significant design and construction hazards.
- Health and safety file.

64
Q

What is the Health & Safety File?

A

Prepared and issued promptly following completion of the construction works containing information needed during future construction work (including cleaning, maintenance, alterations, refurbishment and demolition works). Essential for those parties involved in carrying out future works to alert them to any H&S risks that should be considered in the planning or carrying out of such works.
- The principle designer ensures the file is prepared, reviewed, amended as necessary and issued to the client.
- Clients, designers, contractors - must supply all the information that needs to be included in the file.
- Clients - must ensure H&S file is kept available to parties involved in future construction works at same site.
- All parties - should ensure information for inclusion in H&S file is accurate, relevant and promptly provided.

65
Q

What should the H&S File include?

A
  • A brief description of the work carried out.
  • Any hazards associated with the materials used (e.g., special coatings which should not be burnt off)
  • Information regarding the removal or dismantling of installed plant and equipment.
  • Nature, location and markings of significant services, including underground cables, gas.
  • Residual hazards and how they have been dealt with (e.g., surveys and other information regarding asbestos, containment land, etc).
66
Q

Who should the principle designer pass the Health & Safety File onto when the project reaches completion?

A

The employer and end user.

APC (7 decks)

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