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NURS 347 EXAM 5 UROLOGY > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

What does obesity mean ?

A

Excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue

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2
Q

In how many children is obese?

A

1 in 10

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3
Q

Who has the highest rates of obesity?

A

Hispanic & African Americans

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4
Q

Higher rates if obesity comes from?

A

Low educated & low income patients

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5
Q

Who is more at risk? South or north?

A

South

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6
Q

Etiology and pathophysiology
For obesity is (2)?

A

Body weight beyond physical requimenrs

Abnormal increase and accumulation of fat cells

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7
Q

Those who have obesity problems increased the risk of (3)?

A

Increase in number ( hyperplasia ) and size ( hypertrophy ) of adipocytes ( fat cells )

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8
Q

Adipocytes can hold up to how much of their volume? And why do they grow?

A

1000x

In order to accommodate large increases in lipid storage

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9
Q

There are two types of obesity? What are they?

A

Primary & secondary

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10
Q

Primary obesity is what?

A

Increase calories in > than calories used

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11
Q

What is secondary obesity? (4)
This one is mainly what?

A

Chromosomal/congenital anomalies
Metabolic problems
CNS lesions & disorders
Drugs

Medical problem caused the weight gain

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12
Q

Genetic predisposition is what percentage of obese patients?

A

70%

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13
Q

There has been evidence that the gene ___ and body mass index has increased chances of getting obesity

A

FTO
( fat mass and obesity associated gene )

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14
Q

What part of the brain play a huge part in triggering appetite and energy for a person?

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

The hypothalamus, gut and adipose tissues help synthesis (2) that stimulate or inhibit appetite

A

Hormones & peptides

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16
Q

Neuropeptides Y is very dangerous because it’s a powerful what?
And causes what if it’s imbalanced?

A

Appetite stimulant
Leads to overeating and obesity

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17
Q

What are the 2 hormones that we will be talking about regarding the hypothalamus?

A

Leptin & Ghrelin

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18
Q

What does leptin do?!(2)

A

Suppresses appetite
Increase fat metabolism

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19
Q

Since leptin helps suppresses appetite and increase fat metabolism, how does this effect obese patients?

A

Obese patients will have high leptin levels meaning that have leptin resistance

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20
Q

What is ghrelin (3)

A
  • regulates appetite by inhibiting leptin
  • thought to play a part in complusive eating
  • non obese person
    ( ghrelin high when they are hungry and decrease after eating )
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21
Q

What are two major consequences of obesity?

A
  1. Increase in fat mass
  2. Production of adip okines
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22
Q

What is adiopokines?
Contribute to (3)
They may disrupt (2)

A

They are substance made from adipocytes

Insulin resisitance, dyslipidemia, hyerptension

Immune factors & predispose to certain cancers

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23
Q

What are environmental factors that effect obesity?

A

Less access to nutritionally food
Lack of physical exercise
Low socioeconomic status
Holiday
sense of satiety
Mindless eating

24
Q

Turkey sandwich’s
40 years ago
Today

Bagel
40 year ago
Today

Cheeseburger
40 year ago
Today

Soda
40 year ago
Today

A

320 calc
820 calc

3in diameter 140 calc
6 in diameter 350 calc

333 calc
590 calc

6.5 85cal
20oz - 250 calc

25
Q

What are the problems obesity can cause (7)
Think of the systems & conditions

A

Cardiovascular
Diabetes
GI & liver
Respiratory / sleep
Musculoskeletal
Cancer
Psychosocial

26
Q

How does obesity cause cardiovascular problems?

Andriod obesity are greater risk for (3)

A

Significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke

Increase LDL
high triglycerides
Decrease HDL

27
Q

Obesity is a major risk factor for developing which type of diabetes ?

Excess weight makes drug treatment less effective ; why? (3)

A

2

Hyperinsulinemia
Insulin resistance
Glucose intolerance

28
Q

GI and liver problems can cause (3)
The last one can lead to what?
And how do we fix the last one?

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD )

Gallstones

Nonalcoholic steathohepatitis ( NASH )
( cirrhosis )
( Weight loss )

29
Q

Respiratory and sleep problems from obesity are? (2)
(1)(3)
And what can improve lung function?

A

Sleep apnea
- snoring & hypoventilation

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
- reduced chest wall compliance
- increase work of breathing
- decreased total lung capacity

Weight loss can improve lung function

30
Q

Musculoskeletal problems of obesity are?
Which can cause what?
Like what^ (2)

Increased body fat triggers ___ and contributes to what deterioration

We have a higher incidence of hyperuricemia & gout ( notes )

A

Osteoarthritis
Stress on weight bearing joints
Knees and hips

Triggers inflammatory mediators
Cartilage deterioration

31
Q

Obesity is one of the most important preventable causes of ?

A

Cancer!!

32
Q

Psychosocial problems are for obesity?
( don’t over think it )

A

Social isolation
Depression
Low self esteem

33
Q

What’s the first step in the treatment of obesity ( assessment )

A

Determine if conditions may be causing or contributing to obesity

34
Q

When you’re determining if conditions may be casuing or contributing to obesity you want to be? (2)

Examples of this?

A

Sensitive & nonjudgmental
Clarify reasons
( exercises & diet )

Explore genetic & endocrine factors

35
Q

Next in the nursing assessment for obesity, after you determine conditions what would be the next step? (2)

A

Lab results ( liver; thyroid, glucose, lipid )

Physical exam
( height ; weight ; waist circumference, bmi )

36
Q

What are the 4 patient assessments we can do to determine obesity?

A

Body mass index
Waist circumference
Waist to hip ration
Body shape

37
Q

Waist to hip ratio is what?

How do you solve for it?

WHR optimal measurement ?
Greater than = health complications?

A

Method of describing distribution of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

Divide waist by hip

8.0
8.0+ health complications

38
Q

What are the two body shapes in obesity?

A

Apple and pear

39
Q

Apple shaped body fat is normally where and it’s found in who?

A

Abdominal area
Android obesity

40
Q

Pear shape body fat is located where?
In who?

A

Upper legs
Gynecoid

41
Q

Andriod (8) vs Gynecoid ( 5)

A

Heart disease
DM
cancers
Decrease insulin
High tridg
Low HDL
High BP
-^ Free fatty acid release

Osteoporosis
Varicose veins
Cellulite
Subcutaneous fat stores dietary fat
Trapped fatty acids stores as trig

42
Q

What’s the planning or overall goal for these patients (4)?

A

Modify eating patterns
Take part in a regular physical activity program
Achieved and main weight loss
Minimize or prevent health problems

43
Q

The overall ideology behind nursing implement is that the patient will?

A

Have successful weight loss and maintains it

44
Q

Treatment for obese patients begin with patients who?

A

Understand their weight history and decide on a plan

45
Q

Most weight loss plans result in a __ loss?

A

10%

46
Q

Successful weight loss requires a what ?
Successful weight control requires what?

A

Short term energy deficit
Long term behavior changes

47
Q

Nutritional therapy
There is no magic diets ( this means what)

Goals to be ___?

A

Anything can work as long if it reduces calorie intake

Realistic & healthy

48
Q

2/3 diet should be ?
1/3 diet should be ?

A

2/3 - plant
1/3 animal protein

49
Q

1 portion of animal protein should be
1 portion of chopped vegs should be

A

3oz
1/2 cup

50
Q

Lastly it’s super important that the patients drinks a lot of?

A

WATER!!

51
Q

Exercise is an essential part of a weight loss program
Daily exercise should be?
It may reduce what (2)
Helps maintain?
It’s provides what benefits?

A

30mins
Appetitive & waist to hip
Weight loss
Psychological

52
Q

Behavior modification
Assumption behind behavior modifications for obesity should be avoided why?

A

Cause it may be condition,or outside factors

53
Q

We want patients to monitor there intake by? (3)

A

Food life
Stimulus control
No food rewards weight loss ( motivate )

54
Q

Drug therapy should never be ?
And if it’s being used, what should it be included with?

A

Alone

Calorie reduction diet, exercise, behavior modification

55
Q

Lastly we want to evaluate and teach our patient, how will we do this? (3)

A

Drugs will not cure obesity
Changed in food intake and exercise
Proper administration & side effects of drugs

NURS 347 EXAM 5 UROLOGY (16 decks)

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