demography - changes to fertilty + dependency ratio

Question 1

families have

Answer 1

declined in size

Question 2

women are

Answer 2

-more likely to work - dual earner couple
major increase in older mothers, significant decline in mothers under 24

Question 3

the dependency ratio

Answer 3

relationship between the size of the working/productive part of the population (people who work) and the size of the non-working dependent part of the population(people who don’t work)

Question 4

children make up a large proportion of

Answer 4

dependent population-financially dependent on parents

Question 5

impact of declining fertility rate

Answer 5

a smaller proportion of young adults who work as there are fewer people. Dependency ratio increase

Question 6

Family sizes have decreased how many children on average

Answer 6

1.8

Question 7

how many percent of families only have one child

Answer 7

45%

Question 8

The effect of changing birth and fertility rates on family size and organisation
(kinship networks)

Answer 8

The decline in the number of children being born has led to a decline in family kinship networks, because it means people have fewer aunts, uncles, cousins, etc., to fall back on in times of need.

Question 9

effect of changes to fertility
(nuclear family)

Answer 9

-privatised, isolated, industrialisation
more nuclear families with one child.(increase in beanpole families)

Question 10

effect of changes to fertility
(mothers)

Answer 10

a decline in the number of full-time mothers and a rise in the number of children looked after by other relatives, especially grandparents, child-minders and nurseries.

Question 11

effect of changes to fertility
(voluntary childlessness)

Answer 11

a trend towards voluntary childlessness. In 2000, one in five women aged 40 had not had children compared with one in ten in 1980 and this figure is expected to rise to one in four by 2018.