Signs And Symptoms

Question 1

Causes of Catatonia

Answer 1

Medical cause = neurological (stroke, meningitis, tumor)
Psychiatric = MDE with catatonic features, schizophrenia

Question 2

Echopraxia

Answer 2

Pathological imitation of another’s persons movement

Question 3

Dyskinesia

Answer 3

Difficulty performing voluntary movements

Question 4

Dystonia

Answer 4

Sustained contractions of opposing muscle groups of the trunk or limbs

Question 5

Akathisia

Answer 5

Subjective feeling of inner restlessness and muscle tension secondary to antipsychotic medication, presenting with pacing and other signs of psychomotor agitation

Question 6

Echolalia

Answer 6

Pathological imitation of another persons speech

Question 7

Logorrhoea

Answer 7

Increase in quantity of speech

Question 8

Pressure of speech

Answer 8

Rapid speech of increased quantity that is difficult to interrupt (manic episode)

Question 9

Aphasia

Answer 9

Difficulties in language output

Question 10

Melancholic/dysphoric mood

Answer 10

Unpleasant low mood

Question 11

Mania

Answer 11

Mood characterised by elation, hyperactivity, hyper sexuality as well as pressured speech and thought.

Question 12

Labels mood

Answer 12

Oscillations between depression and elation

Question 13

Alexithymic

Answer 13

Inability to be aware of/describe one’s own emotions

Question 14

Anhedonia

Answer 14

Loss of interest in all pleasurable activities

Question 15

Words used to describe affect

Answer 15

Restricted, blunted, flat, appropriate, inappropriate

Question 16

Anxiety

Answer 16

Feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger

Question 17

Fear

Answer 17

Anxiety caused by real/realistic danger

Question 18

Define obsession

Answer 18

Pathological persistence of an irreversible thought or feeling that can’t be eliminated from consciousness by logical effort and is associated with anxiety

Question 19

Define Compulsion

Answer 19

Pathological need to act on an impulse/obsession that if resisted, produces anxiety

Question 20

Define panic attack

Answer 20

Acute, episodic intense attack of anxiety with autonomic symptoms associated with overwhelming feelings of dread

Question 21

Define phobia

Answer 21

Persistent irrational exaggerated pathological dread of a specific stimulus/situation

Question 22

Define psychosis

Answer 22

The inability to distinguish reality from fantasy

Question 23

Perseveration

Answer 23

Persisting response to a previous stimulus even following a new stimulus

Question 24

Verbigeration

Answer 24

Meaningless repetition of specific words or phrases

Question 25

Neologisms

Answer 25

Made up words that don’t form part of any language

Question 26

Word salad

Answer 26

Incoherent mixture of words/phrases

Question 27

Define delusion

Answer 27

A fixed false belief based on incorrect inferences about external reality and that cannot be corrected by reasoning

Question 28

Bizarre delusion

Answer 28

Absurd, totally implausible strange belief

Question 29

Define hallucination

Answer 29

A false sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli

Question 30

Hypnagogic hallucination

Answer 30

NONPATHOLOGICAL perception occurring while falling asleep

Question 31

Hypnopompic hallucination

Answer 31

NONPATHOLOGICAL perception occurring while awakening from sleep

Question 32

Illusion

Answer 32

Misperception/misinterpretation of real external sensory stimuli

Question 33

MSE enquiry

Answer 33

ASEPTIC

Appearance and behaviour
Speech
Emotion (mood)
Perception
Though content and form
Insight and judgement
Cognition

Question 34

Define Derealisation

Answer 34

Feeling detached from own surroundings

Question 35

Define depersonalisation

Answer 35

Feeling detached from own mental processes/body/actions