Cardio Diseases Flashcards
CV disease usually happens in individual cattle except…
- toxicities like ionophores and plants
- high mountain disease
- hardware disease
general signs of CVD?
abnormal jugular veins, edema, effusion in body cavities, murmurs, arrythmias, weight loss, intermittent fever, sudden death, exercise intolerance, diarrhea
if you see what 4 clinical signs you can predict CVD?
tachycardia, abnormal heart sounds, jugular distention, and peripheral edema
what are some general ways we can diagnose CVD?
historty, PE, echocardiography, BP, pericardiocentesis, ECG, rads (small calves only), and cardiac troponin 1 test
how useful is the cardiac troponin 1 test?
it can be useful in ruling things out; if its high it can be heart problems OR secondary disease, but if it’s low, you likely dont have CVD. helps you rule out and not rule in
how common is traumatic reticulopericarditis?
not common at all, rare outcome of hardware disease, but when it does happen it creates a constrictive pericarditis and reduced cardiac output
you have a cow that has a sudden drop in milk production and has abducted elbows. when you listen to the heart it sounds like sandpaper/washing machine but NO murmur. dx?
hardware disease–>traumatic reticulopericarditis
if you suspect a cow has hardware disease progressed to pericarditis what testing could you do?
CBC: neutrophilic leukocytosis
US–>pericardial effusion
pericardiocentesis on L side
how do you treat hardware disease in cows progressing to pericarditis?
salvage ASAP is no antibiotics were used but the carcass will likely be condemned
more conservative tx: antibiotics, rumenotomy
usually euthanize
pathogenesis of endocoarditis?
theres an abscess somewhere and then it travels to the R side of the heart–>tricuspid valve
you have a cow with an intermittent fever and a murmur. dx?
endocarditis
prognosis and treatment of endocarditis?
treatment with antibiotics may hols the disease in check but the cow will often regress
prognosis is grave and the valves are usually permanently damaged
explain what high mountain disease is
when cows are at a high elevation and are not well adjusted
clinical signs of high mountain disease
usually slow onset, weak, depressed, unthirfty, and signs of R sided heart failure like brisket edema, jugular pulse, etc.
pathogenesis of high mountain disease
low oxygen leads to chronic alveolar hypoxeia, leading to a bovine artery reaction (vasoconstriction), causing increased vascular resistance which creates pulmonary hypertension, leading to RV hypertrophy and R sided heart failure–>brisket edema, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, ascites