Foot Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 most common foot lesions?

A

digital dermatitis>white line dz>sole ulcer> sole hemorrhage

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2
Q

where do cow lameness lesions usually localize to?

A

90% in the feet and 90% in the hind feet

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3
Q

different ways you can identify lameness in cows?

A

locomotion scoring, lesion identification, reviewing records

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4
Q

explain etiology of sole ulcer and hemorrhage?

A

flexor tendon attaches to the caudal end of P3 where a bony protrusion is–>movement of P3 and/or external pressure causes pinching of the corium and the germinal epithelium between P3 and the hood capsule. changes in the structure and function of the digital cushion leads to poor cushioning and the formation of new bone on P3 can make it worse

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5
Q

describe consquences of sole ulceration/hemorrhage in mild, moderate, and severe cases

A

mild: blood into the horn
moderate: partial interruption of horn production at the sole ulcer site
severe: horn production stops completely at the ulcer site for a prolonged period

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6
Q

CS and characteristics of sole ulcer/hemorrhage?

A

slight to severe lameness, often both hind feet, usually lateral claw of hind and medial of front feet, possible secondary infection, deep digital sepsis when extreme

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7
Q

hemorrhagic discoloration of the sole means

A

complete stop of horn production at the ulcer site

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8
Q

how do you treat sole ulcer/hemorrhage? prognosis?

A

decrease pressure on pinched corium
corrective trimming
remove underhorn and granuloma tissue
apply a foot block
if infected, antibiotics

prognosis is good in mild cases, pooer if multiple claws affected, it’s severe, or deep digital is present

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9
Q

etiology of white line disease?

A

the junction between the sole and the wall is an area of weakness. Simialrly to sole ulcers where there’s movement of P3 and problems with the digital cushion leading to initial hemorrhage in the white line with can cause it to separate. less well understood than sole ulcers/hemorrhage.

the white line can seal over, trapping infection and creating pus under the sole which is painful.

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10
Q

separation of the hoof wall from the sole is worse if:

A

standing and turning on concrete, dirt and stones which carry infection get into the corium

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11
Q

what do white line dz lesions look like? CS?

A

abscesses under the sole, infectious tracts, pus breaks out usually at the heel or coronary band, lesions are always black

CS: moderate to severe lameness, lateral claw more common, swelling +/- big abscesses, leg abducted to bear weight on medial claw

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12
Q
A

white line disease

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13
Q
A

sole ulcer/hemorrhage

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14
Q

treatment of white line disease

A

trim the claw, explore and drain any abscesses, foot block and NSAIDs, antibiotic dressing for 48 hours, parenteral antibitoics if necrotic corium found

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15
Q

etiology of digital dermatitis

A

multifactorial infectious bacterial disease

lesions are the reservoir, usually when cows housed together, possibloe contamination from hoof knives, foot to foot contact or fomites, host genetic susceptibility is likely

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16
Q

CS of digital dermatitis

A

mild lameness, lesions in interdigital area behind heels bulb, moist brown grey exudate and some epidermal liquifaction, maybe some granulation tissue, papilloform or hairy wart looking lesions

17
Q

most critical phase to treat digital dermatitis

A

M2 phase (idk why dont ask me)

18
Q

how to treat digital dermatitis

A

clean and remove debris, dry it, apply topical antibiotics, can also bandage with antibacterial products, parenteral antibiotics not useful

19
Q

etiology of interdigital necrobacillosis or foot rot

A

necrotizing inflammation of the interdigital skin, usually fusobacterium necrophorum, usually caused by damage to the skin (like FB, rough errain, course straw, etc)

20
Q
A

digital dermatitis

21
Q
A

interdigital necrobacillosis/ foot rot

22
Q

CS of foot rot/interdigital necrobacillosis

A

sudden onset of lameness, soft tissue swellings around the coronary band between the digits, split interdigital space with pus and necrotic tissue, foul smell

23
Q

treatment for foot rot/interdigital necrobacillosis

A

check for FBs, wash and flush with clean water, debride the necrotic tissue, parenteral antibiotics for 3-5 says

24
Q
A

deep digital sepsis

25
Q

when can you NOT use facilitated ankylosis?

A

if the proximal inter P joint is also affected