RNA polymerases - Lecture 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many polymerases do prokaryotes have?

A

One RNA polymerase

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2
Q

How many polymerases do eukaryotic cells have?

A

Three

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3
Q

What are the three types of RNA polymerases in eukaryotes?

A

Polymerase I
Polymerase II
Polymerase III

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4
Q

What is polymerase I involved in?

A

Ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA)

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5
Q

What is RNA polymerase II involved in?

A

Protein coding genes (mRNA)
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

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6
Q

What types of eukaryotic RNA is RNA polymerase III used for?

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA),
rRNA and
snRNA

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7
Q

What is prokaryotic RNA polymerase made up of?

A

RNA polymerase holoenzyme
Sigma sub unit
2x alpha subunit
2x beta subunit
omega subunit

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8
Q

What does the sigma subunit do in prokaryotic RNA polymerase?

A

Recognises the promoter
It dissociates when the promoter is recognised and attached

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9
Q

What do the alpha subunits do in prokaryotic RNA polymerase?

A

Involved in assembly and activation

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10
Q

What do the beta subunits do in prokaryotic RNA polymerase?

A

Involved in catalysts and terminationW

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11
Q

What does the omega subunit do in prokaryotic RNA polymerase?

A

Involved in assembly and folding
Is required for some genes

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12
Q

What features do genes that make different RNA types have?

A

Different architecture
Use different RNA polymerases

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13
Q

What is the TFIID made up of?

A

Its a multi protein complex
Made up of TATA binding protein (TBP)
and TBP associated factors (TAFs)

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14
Q

What is the first stage of the assembly of the RNA polymerase II initiation complex?

A

TFIIA helps TFIID to bind
TFIIB sets the distance from TATA element to start site

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15
Q

What is the TBP DNA complex?

A

From the underside of the beta sheet surface the TBP has contact with the DNA minor groove

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15
Q

How does RNA polymerase I bind?

A

Upstream binding factor binds to UCE and core element in DNA
This attracts SL1 (which is made up of TBP and polymerase I-specific TAFs(protein complex))
RNA polymerase I binds to complex and transcription and initiated

15
Q

What is part II of the RNA polymerase II initiation complex?

A

There’s interaction with the D-A-B complex and recruitment of polymerase II
This blocks the non-specific binding of polymerase II to DNA
Promoter clearance
Helicase
Processivity, elongation
Transcription-coupled DNA repair

15
Q

How does RNA polymerase III bind?

A

The promoter is within a coding region
TFIIIC binds to the B box
TFIIIB recruited upstream of the start site
TFIIIB = TBP and 2 polymerase III specific TAFs
Once TFIIIB is recruited TFIIIC is dispensable
RNA polymerase III recruited and initiates transcription