Verbal Ch 5 - Modifiers

Question 1

Modifier

Answer 1

word or clause that changes another word or expression

Question 2

Adverbs

Answer 2

modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs

Question 3

Prepositional phrase positioning

Answer 3

must always be as close as possible to the word it modifies. It can be in front of what it modifies as well

Question 4

Dangling modifier

Answer 4

intro modifier without the noun. These are always incorrect

Question 5

Possessive modification trap

Answer 5

A possessive noun can not follow a modifying phrase

Question 6

Squinting modifiers

Answer 6

modifiers placed between 2 words or expressions it can modify. These can also be a phrase

Question 7

Relative clauses

Answer 7

clauses that relate to other parts of a sentence and begin with relative pronouns

Ex/ that, which, who, whose, whom

Question 8

Non-restrictive clause

Answer 8

a clause that can be removed from a sentence with the sentence still making sense. It is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. Must be set off from the rest of the sentence by commas

Question 9

“that” vs. “which”

Answer 9

relative pronouns that effect clauses. Never use “that” or “which” to refer to people

“that” - restrictive
“which” - non-restrictive

entities made up of people like teams and groups are considered things –> “that” and “which”

Question 10

Restrictive clause

Answer 10

clause who’s meaning is essential to the sentence

Question 11

Relative clause modify antecedents “remotely”

Answer 11

a relative clause may be separated from the noun it modifies by another modifier of that noun

Question 12

Relative pronouns “who” and “whom”

Answer 12

used to refer to human antecedents

Question 13

“who” vs “whom”

Answer 13

“who” - subject that performs the action in the clause

“whom” - the object that is acted upon

Question 14

relative pronoun “whose”

Answer 14

can refer to people or things

Question 15

appositive

Answer 15

noun, pronoun, noun phrase, or noun clause of a sentence that modifies or further describes another element of a sentence by renaming it

Question 16

how to identify an appositive

Answer 16

replace the noun being modified in a sentence with its modifier to identify the appositive

Question 17

abstract appositive

Answer 17

renames and modifies an abstract idea that has been presented in a sentence. These could produce stronger/more effective answers

Question 18

participle

Answer 18

verb form that functions as a modifier. They can be 1) the agent of the action or 2) the receiver of the effect

Ex/ ruined, spoiled

Question 19

uses of particle phrases

Answer 19

1. used to restrictively modify nouns
2. present participles at the beginning of a sentence are non-restrictive and treated as noun modifiers
3. past participles at the end of sentences sometimes modify the preceding clause

Question 20

absolute phrases

Answer 20

noun + its modifiers. modifies entire clause (absolutely everything). the info added can be descriptive or explanatory