Neurodynamics and EPA

Question 1

What does TENs stand for?

Answer 1

Transcutaneous electrical Nerve Stimulation

Question 2

What are the proposed physiological effects of TENS?o iof

Answer 2

Stiimulation of sensory nerves - A beta nerve fibres
Pain Gate Mechanism
Other possible effects: improved healing, oedema control

Question 3

What are a beta fibres?

Answer 3

Touch and pressure

Question 4

What are a delta fibres?

Answer 4

Pain

Question 5

What are pain receptors?

Answer 5

A delta

Question 6

What is a low frequency current

Answer 6

1000 Hz or less

Question 7

What is a medium frequency current?

Answer 7

2000-10000 Hz

Question 8

What is high frequency current?

Answer 8

Usually measured in MHz

Question 9

What is interference current?

Answer 9

Two different medium frequency currents superimposed in the tissues at the same time

They interfere and a new current results (beat or treatment frequency)

Question 10

What is the beat frequency?

Answer 10

Also known as amplitude modulation frequency

Equal to difference in re quench between two individual currents

Question 11

What are the advantages of IFC?

Answer 11

Penetrates tissues more deeply
Covers larger volume of tissue
Versatility of application
AC- no electrolytic effects on skin, although damage can still occur

Question 12

What would DC do to skin?

Answer 12

Chemical burns/tissue damage

Question 13

What is sweep/swing?

Answer 13

Minimises accommodation (but is doubtful)

Question 14

What does vector rotation/scanning mean?

Answer 14

Rhythmically increases and decreases amount of current in one circuit qhw doing the opposite in other

Stimulates more nerve fibres parallel

Best to leave OFF

Question 15

What are types of electrodes we use?

Answer 15

Carbon-rubber

Suction cups

Question 16

What electrodes should not be used?

Answer 16

Quadripolar pads
Suction cups
Probes

Question 17

What shouldn’t Quadripolar pads be used?

Answer 17

Too close together ➡️ electrical burn

Question 18

What happens if the electrodes aren’t crossed in Quadripolar technique?

Answer 18

Combined medium frequency

Question 19

What is bipolar electrode placement?

Answer 19

Used if four won’t fit.

Also called premeditated technique. Currents Re superimposed within the IF machine, not the tissues

Question 20

How is IF applied safely and effectively?

Answer 20

Wash area thoroughly
Leave the skin visibly wet
Ensure sponges are evenly damp
Keep suction pressure low to reduce risk of bruising
Bandage electrodes evenly