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Structural Kinesiology > The Foot and Ankle Lecture > Flashcards

The Foot and Ankle Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones make up the mid foot

A

Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms

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2
Q

What is a flat foot posture

A

Pes Planus

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3
Q

Motion occurs at which articulation of the talocrural joint?

A

Tibiotalar joint

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4
Q

What bones make up the rear foot?

A

Calcaneus and Talus

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5
Q

What bones make up the ankle

A

Tibia and Fibula

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6
Q

What bones make up the forefoot?

A

Five Metatarsals
14 phalanges
2 sesamoid bone

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7
Q

The foot and ankle consist of __________

A

26 ireegular bones
30 synovial joint
30 muscles
> 100 ligaments

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8
Q

Where does most motion occurs at three joints

A

Talocrural
Subtalar
Midtarsal

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9
Q

What joint to proximal, 1 dof hinge joint, and allows plantar and dorsiflexion

A

Talacrural

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10
Q

What is the talocrural joint designed for ?

A

Stability

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11
Q

Tibia and talus( tibiotalar joint)=

A

movement

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12
Q

Tibia and fibular( tibiofibular joint)=

A

No movement

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13
Q

What joint is distal to the talocrural joint, has articulation betwee the talus and calcaneus and allows eversion and inversion

A

Subtalar

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14
Q

What are the largest weight-bearing bones in the foot?

A

Talus and calcaneus

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15
Q

What type of motion doed the subtalar joint allow?

A

Triplanar motion= Supination and pronation

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16
Q

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

A

Plane/Gliding Joint; Oblique axis

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17
Q

What makes up the Calcaneus ?

A

Calcaneal tubercle
Sustentalculum tali
Peroneal tubercle

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18
Q

What make up the talus?

A

Anterior ,middle, and posterior faces

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19
Q

What do lateral ligaments restrict?

A

Inversion

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20
Q

What are the lateral talocrural ligaments?

A

Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior Talofibular

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21
Q

What are the medial ligametns?

A

Deltiod: Anterior Tibiotalar
Tibocalcaneal
Tibionavicular
Posterior Tibiotalar

22
Q

What does medial joint prevet in the ankel?

A

Eversion

23
Q

What are the two joints of the midtarsals?

A

Calcaneocuboid and Talonavicular

24
Q

What does the aligment of the axes of these two joints affect?

A

Mobility of the midfoot

25
Q

What does the midtaral joints contribute to?

A

Inversion/Eversion
Abduction/Adduction
Dorsflexion/ Plantarflexion

26
Q

What is the shock absorbing segement of the foot?

A

Midfoot

27
Q

What are the three cuneiforms?

A

Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral

28
Q

All joint besides calcaneocuboid and talonavicular are __________ ___________

A

Gliding Joints

29
Q

What is the function of the arches of the foot?

A

Absorb shock
Dissipate ground reaction forces
Increase the foots flexibility

30
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A

Medial Longitudinal arch
Lateral Longitudinal arch
Transverse metatarsal arch

31
Q

What is the medial longitudinal arch formed by?

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular,cuneiforms, and first 3 metatarsals

32
Q

How is support maintained in the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Calcaneonavicular ligament and plantar fascia

33
Q

What is the lateral longitudinal arch formed by?

A

Calcaneus, cuboid, and forth and fifth metatarsals

34
Q

What is the transverse metatarsal arch?

A

Formed by the wedging of the tarsals and the base of the metatarsals

35
Q

What is the windlass effect?

A

The windlass mechanism describes the manner by which the plantar fascia supports the foot during weight- bearing activities and provides information regarding the biomechanical stresses placed on the plantar fascia.

36
Q

What are the nerves of the foot and ankle?

A

Sural nerve( lateral foot)
Seep and superficial peroneal nerve( dorsal surface)
Saphenous nerve( medial foot)
Lateral and medial plantar nerve (plantar surface)
Tibial nerve and branches of sural nerve ( posterior aspect)

37
Q

What foot alignment is has a low arch and is related excessive foot pronation

A

Pes planus

38
Q

What foot alignment has an high arch and is related to excessive foot supination

A

Pes cavus

39
Q

What foot alignment has pronation of the subtalar joint?

A

Calcaneovalgus

40
Q

What foot alignment has supination of the subtalar joint?

A

Calcaneovarus

41
Q

What is the ROM of plantar flexion

A

50 degrees

42
Q

What is the ROM of Dorsifelxion?

A

20 degrees

43
Q

What is the ROM of Inversion

A

20 degress

44
Q

What is the ROM of Eversion

A

5 degrees

45
Q

What is Supination

A

Inversion+adduction+plantarflexion

46
Q

What is Pronation?

A

Everson+ abduction+dorsiflexion

47
Q

Why do hind foot injuries usually occur?

A

Compressive factors

48
Q

Why do Mid foot injuries usually occur?

A

Excessive lateral movement

49
Q

Why do forefoot injuries ussually occur?

A

compressive and tensile forces

50
Q

What anatomical factors also result in injuries?

A

Poor gait such as overpronation

Structural Kinesiology (9 decks)

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