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As Comp > Hardware And Software > Flashcards

Hardware And Software Flashcards

1
Q

Hardware

A

Hardware describes the electrical or electro-mechanical parts of a computer system
These comprise the physical, tangible parts of the computer and its input, output and storage devices

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2
Q

Software

A

Software comprises all of the programs that make the computer function

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3
Q

2 types of software

A

System software
Application software

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4
Q

Types of system software

A

Operating systems
Utility programs
Library programs
Translators

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5
Q

Types of application software

A

General purpose
Special purpose

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6
Q

System software purpose

A

System software is required to run and manage the computer’s hardware and application programs

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7
Q

Examples of system software in action

A
  • allocation of jobs to processor
  • peripheral management
  • maintaining security and checking for viruses
  • program code to machine code
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8
Q

Role of Operating system

A

serves as a middle-man for communication between the computer’s hardware and software

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9
Q

Examples of OS

A

Windows
Mac OS
Linux
Android

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10
Q

Utility software

A

Some utility software is designed to analyse, configure,optimise or maintain a computer system

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11
Q

Additional common tasks performed by utilities

A

Virus checkers
Automatic backup and restore
File compression software

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12
Q

Libraries

A

A library is a collection of pre-compiled routines that can be used by other programs

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13
Q

What is machine code

A

Machine code is the lowest level of instruction comprising pure binary
- All computer instructions need to be converted into machine code

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14
Q

what is a translator

A

A translator is used to translate code written in assembly language or other high level code into machine-code

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15
Q

what are the 3 types of translators

A

Assembles
Compilers
Interpreters

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16
Q

Assembler

A

translate assembly language into machine code

17
Q

Compilers

A

translate high-level language programs into object code (machine code) which can be saved and run whenever needed, without the compiler having to be present

18
Q

Interpreters

A

also translate high-level language programs – more detail in another lesson

19
Q

Examples of application softwares

A

Word processors
Image editors
Accounting packages
Internet browsers
Email clients

20
Q

4 categories of application software

A

General purpose
Special purpose
Off-the-shelf
Bespoke

21
Q

General purpose software

A

Can be used for a range of tasks

22
Q

Examples of general purpose software

A

Word processors – for letters, posters or textbooks
Graphics packages – for image retouching, photo editing or drawing diagrams
Spreadsheet software – for modelling, creating tables of data or lists

23
Q

Special purpose software

A

Performs tasks for a single, specific job

24
Q

Examples of special purpose software

A

Payroll or accountancy software
Media players
Calendar programs
Online payment systems

25
Q

Off-the-shelf software
Benefits

A

Off-the-shelf software is readily available for anyone to use
The cost is usually lower because development costs are shared among all the buyers
It is likely to be well-documented and well-tested

26
Q

Off-the-shelf software
Drawbacks

A

You have little or no control over what features there are
It may not do exactly what you want

27
Q

Bespoke software

A

Created to fulfil your own exact specs

28
Q

Bespoke software
Drawbacks

A

High cost
Long time to develop

29
Q

OS - memory management

A

The os allocates memory to different processes when multiple are running at the same time

30
Q

OS - What is processor scheduling

A

The os controls which programs can send data to the processor to be processed

The processor executes small parts of each operation in turn so that programs appear to run simultaneously
This is known as multi-tasking

31
Q

The scheduler

A

Is the operating system module responsible for ensuring that processor time is used as efficiently as possible

32
Q

3 different scheduling algorithms

A

Round robin - each process in turn has use of the processor for a given time slice
Shortest job next
Priority system

33
Q

Backing store management

A

The OS keeps track of where all files are stored on hard disk or external drives and where space is free to be used if the user performs a save operation

As Comp (16 decks)

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