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THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases > Quiz 3: Obesity and Arthritis > Flashcards

Quiz 3: Obesity and Arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is body composition?

A

the body’s relative amounts of fat mass to fat-free mass

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2
Q

Fat needed in males v.s. fat needed in females

A

M: 3-5%
F: 8-12%

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3
Q

What is BMI?

A

a person’s “should be” weight in comparison of how weight should be proportional to height

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4
Q

What are the health risk sizes for men and women concerning waist circumference?

A

M: >40
F: >35

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5
Q

What is the difference(s) between overweight and obesity?

A

Overweight: total body weight above a recommended range for good health. 10% or more over recommended weight (BMI over 25)

Obesity: severely overweight and over fat. 20% or more over recommended weight (BMI over 30)

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6
Q

The storage of excess nutrient intake as fat is…

A

Positive energy balance (gain weight)

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7
Q

The use of stored body fat as energy is…

A

Negative energy balance (lose weight)

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8
Q

1lb of fat is how many calories?

A

3,500 kcals

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9
Q

What are the causes of obesity?

A
  • heredity
  • genetics (how body burns fat)
  • behaviors (phys act, diet, meds)
  • environment (food access, education skills, marketing)
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10
Q

What are the two types of obesity shapes?

A

Android: upper body (mainly men)
Gynoid: lower body (mainly women)

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11
Q

What are the different tests to measure obesity? (6)

A
  1. Skin fold
  2. Bioelectrical impedance
  3. Hydrostatic weighing
  4. Bod Pod
  5. Dual-Energy X-ray absorpiometry (DEXA)
  6. BMI
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12
Q

What is bioelectrical impedance?

A

determines the electrical impedance, or opposition to the flow of an electric current through the body tissues which can then be used to calculate an estimate of total body water (TBW)
- accuracy can be affected by mood or hydration status

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13
Q

What is hydrostatic weighing?

A

measures the density of your body. (displacement of water)

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14
Q

What is the bod pod?

A

subject enters a sealed chamber that measures their body volume by displacement of air.

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15
Q

What is a DEXA scan?

A

gold standard most accurate two x-ray beams with differing energy levels are aimed at the patient’s bones/ When soft tissue absorption is subtracted out, the BMD can be determined

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16
Q

What is skin fold test?

A

folds of the skin are measured with a caliper.

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17
Q

What is the #1 method for weight loss?

A

Diet

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18
Q

Why do diets that are based on extreme calorie restriction fail?

A

extreme hunger

19
Q

What are the ideal intakes for carbs, proteins, and fats?

A

C: 40%
P: 30%
F: 30%

20
Q

Training wise, what is the most effective approach for weight loss?

A

Resistance training + aerobic training

21
Q

What are the effects of training?

A
  • Improved CRE
  • Improved blood lipids
  • Improved psychological state
  • Enhanced group social support
  • Decreases risk of obesity related diseases
22
Q

For obesity, what are the suggest actions for an asymptomatic with low risk individual?

A

In addition to BMI, also find hip to waist circumference and body comp

23
Q

For obesity, what are the suggest actions for overweight with only 1 other CVD risk factor individual?

A

Supervised Maximal exercise test, begin with mod intensity exercise training

24
Q

For obesity, what are the suggest actions for overweight with 2 other CVD risk factor individuals?

A

All exercise tests should be supervised

25
Q

For obesity, what are the suggest actions for a symptomatic individual?

A

Medically supervised exercise test ONLY

26
Q

What are the testing recommendations for the Aerobic Treadmill (1-2 MET 3 min stages) or Cycle (ramped or periodic increasing)?

A

End Points: Serious Arrhythmias > 2mm ST depression or elevation (SBP: >250mmHg OR DBP >115mmHg)

Suggested Precautions: Clients are at higher risk of CAD and HTN / Increased risk of injury / Increased risk of heat intolerance

27
Q

For the obese population, what 3 movements are not recommended?

A

Running, jumping, and high-impact. However walking is good to start out with because it requires no extra skills

28
Q

Why is aquatic therapy a good recommendation for total body exercise for the obese population?

A

Water takes away extra weight so it allows for buoyancy.

29
Q

What are some disease-dependent risks for obesity?

A
  • Poor tolerance for physical activity (excessive fatigue)
  • Increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries
  • Elevated BP
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Thermoregulation issues
30
Q

What is the difference between Planned and Incidental exercise?

A

Planned: 60 min per day
- exercise is intended and planned to perform in order to improve or maintain fitness
- typically performed in a gym setting

Incidental: ADLs
- physical activity is any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure

31
Q

What is the MOVE! Bariatric VA Program?

A

Weight management health promotion program designed to improve the lives of veterans.
Their core ideas are:
- encourage healthy eating behaviors
- increase physical activity
- promote even small weight losses
Very easy to follow, improves QOL, reduces health risks

32
Q

What are the two types of arthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis and Rhumetoidarthritis

33
Q

What are the joint structure components of arthritis?

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Synovial membrane
  3. Synovial fluid
34
Q

What is the capsule?

A

encloses the joint to retain synovial fluid

35
Q

What is the synovial membrane?

A

lining of joint capsule

36
Q

What is the synovial fluid?

A

flows within the synovial membrane and provides lubrication

37
Q

What does osteoarthritis attack specifically?

A

Articular cartilage

38
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

dense, elastic, fibrous connective tissue that has no blood supply and thus cannot heal

39
Q

What is OA?

A

chronic degenerative form of arthritis that primarily affects articular cartilage and underlying bone.

40
Q

Where is OA usually found?

A

Weight bearing joints: knee, hip, fingers, spine

41
Q

What is RA?

A

An autoimmune disease that leads to inflammation and thickening of joint capsule

42
Q

Where is RA usually found?

A

deformities in the hands and feet

43
Q

What is a bone spur?

A

develop in areas of inflammation or injury

44
Q

True or false:
OA is degenerative and RA is autoimmune

A

True

THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases (6 decks)

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