Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases > Quiz 4: Diabetes and Wound Care > Flashcards

Quiz 4: Diabetes and Wound Care Flashcards

1
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Occurs when blood glucose is too high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is insulin?

A

a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose from food get into cells to be utilized as energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False:
There is a cure for diabetes

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is diabetes diagnosed?

A

IFG (impaired fasting glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the ranges for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and normal?

A

Diabetes: >125 mg/dL on at least 2 occasions
Pre-diabetes: 100-124 mg/dL
Normal: 80-99 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

______ is high blood sugar and ______ is low blood sugar

A

Hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False:
Type 1 diabetes comes from lifestyle factors

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does Type 1 diabetes stop the body from doing

A

being able to produce insulin, it is insulin DEPENDENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False:
Type 1 diabetes is only diagnosed in children

A

False, while it is mainly diagnosed in children, it can also occur in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which type of diabetes is the one where someone needs to wear an insulin pump?

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Type 2 diabetes is ______ dependent

A

Non-insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does Type 2 diabetes differ from type 1 insulin wise?

A

Type 2 produces too much while type 1 doesn’t make enough or doesn’t have good enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False:
Type 2 diabetes is associated with lifestyle factors

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type 1 diabetes is an ___________ disease

A

autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main cause of Type 1 diabetes?

A

Hereditary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is Type 1 considered an autoimmune disease?

A

The immune system mistakes the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas as “invaders” and attacks them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False:
In DM2 (type 2 diabetes), the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to it.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

While there is no cure for DM1 or DM2, can it be controlled? If so, how?

A

Yes it can be controlled, with proper diet and exercise, or medication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False:
Both DM1 and DM2 are preventable

A

False, only DM2 is not always preventable, but diet and exercise can reduce risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the risk factors for DM1?

A
  • Family history
  • Genetics
  • Environmental factors (such as a virus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the risk factors for DM2?

A
  • Lifestyle choices
  • Genetics
  • Overweight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who is at risk for DM2? (11 total)

A
  • Overweight/obese
  • Family history of DM2
  • Age >45 y/o
  • Insulin resistant/pre-diabetes
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • HBP
  • Low HDLs or high triglycerides
  • History of gestational diabetes or birth 9lb baby
  • History of heart disease or stroke
  • Depression
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 5 health problems associated with DM?

A

Heart Disease and Stroke

HBP: 75% of adults with self-reported DM have HBP

Retinopathy: blindess

Nephropathy: kidney failure

Neuropahty: nerve damage (specifically in feet and lower limb)

23
Q

What is glucose and what does it do?

A

Glucose is the main energy source for your body, and it enters the cells of most of your tissues with the help of insulin

24
Q

Why is insulin “the key”?

A

Insulin enables the glucose to enter the cells and provide the fuel your cells need.

25
Q

Where else does your body have the ability to produce glucose?

A

liver and kidneys

26
Q

What is hypoglycemia, and what are the blood glucose levels of it? Signs and symptoms?

A

Hypoglycemia: low blood sugar
Levels: <60-70 mg/dL
S&S: shakiness, dizziness, sweating, hunger, headache, pale skin color, sudden mood change, clumsy/jerky movements, seizure, difficulty paying attention or confusion

27
Q

What is hyperglycemia, and what are the blood glucose levels of it? Signs and symptoms?

A

Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar
Levels: >target range (typically >220 mg/dL)
S&S: high blood glucose, high levels of sugar in urine (ketones), frequent urination, increased thirst

If not resolved, ketoacidosis will develop
S&S: shortness of breath, breath that smells fruity, nausea and vomiting, very dry mouth

28
Q

What is ketoacidosis?

A

when the body produces ketones excessively

  1. fats are broken down for energy
  2. ketones are formed as a byproduct
  3. ketones (acids) build up in the bloodstream
  4. glucose overloads kidneys leading to dehydration
  5. can cause diabetic coma

DO NOT EXERCISE – SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION

29
Q

True or False:
The risk of hypoglycemia is elevated for at least 24 hours in recovery from exercise, with the greatest risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia occurring after afternoon activity

A

True

30
Q

Every kg (2.2lbs) lost decreased the risk for DM by ___ %

A

16%

31
Q

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A

Balance issues and increased risk of diabetic ulcers / foot problems

32
Q

What is autonomic neuropathy?

A

Cannot estimate peak HR, use RPE for intensity, cannot feel chest pain, potential of “silent” MI

33
Q

Why should you avoid injecting insulin into exercising limbs?

A

Limb glucose overload

34
Q

True or False:
As a diabetic, you should monitor your meal timing and eat at the same time every day.

A

True

35
Q

When is exercise contradicted with DM?

A
  • have an active renal hemorrhage
  • illness or infection is present
  • BG > 240 mg/dL and elevated ketones
  • BG < 100 mg/dL
36
Q

What is an ideal BG range?

A

100-240 mg/dL

37
Q

For DM1, concerning BG levels, when should you NOT exercise?

A

> 250 OR <100

38
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic wounds?

A

Acute: generally heals in a couple of weeks
Chronic: does not heal by normal repair process

39
Q

True or False:
For medical records, it is important to note the location and size (length x width x depth) of a wound.

A

True

40
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

red, cobblestone appearance (healing, filling in)

41
Q

What is necrotic slough tissue? Necrotic eschar tissue?

A

Slough: yellow, tan dead tissue (devitalized)
Eschar: black/brown necrotic tissue, hard or soft

42
Q

For additional damage, what is undermining?

A

separation of tissue from surface under the edge of wound (describe using clock face)

43
Q

For additional damage, what is tunneling?

A

channel that runs from wound edge to other tissue

44
Q

What does exudate mean?

A

fluid from wound

45
Q

How do you document the fluid’s characteristics in the wound?

A
  • Amount, type, and color
  • Light, moderate, heavy

Drainage can be clear, sanguineous (bloody red), serosanguineous (blood tinged pinkish), or purulent (cloudy, pus-yellow green)

46
Q

True or False:
You should clean a wound before assessing the odor.

A

True

47
Q

What should you note about the peri-wound (everything around the wound)?

A
  • tissue surrounding
  • look of it
  • color
  • texture
  • temperature
  • skin integrity
48
Q

What are the 4 classifications of infected wounds?

A

Contamination: microorganisms on the surface
Colonization: bacteria growing in wound bed without S&S
Critical colonization: bacterial growth cause delayed wound healing but has not invaded the tissue
Infection: bacteria invades soft tissue, causes systemic response (inflammation, pus, fever, pain etc)

49
Q

If you have a sore on the bottom of
1. hand/feet
2. butt
3. ankle
it is ….

A

Hand/feet: diabetes
Butt: pressure wound
Ankle: arterial venous

50
Q

What are the 4 factors of wound healing?

A
  1. Nutrition/hydration
  2. Circulation
  3. Edema
  4. Glucose control
51
Q

For PUP (pressure ulcer prevention), what degrees should the HOB (head of bed) be put at?

A

< 30 degrees

52
Q

When dressing a wound, what should you DO? (5)

A
  1. Relieve pain
  2. Relieve pressure
  3. Fill dead space if deep wound
  4. Protect skin using barrier cream
  5. Protect peri-wound using skin prep
53
Q

When dressing a wound, what should you NOT DO? (3)

A
  1. Don’t use wet-to-dry dressings (stick to scab overtime)
  2. Wrap tape completely around extremity (protection)
  3. Pull dressing off a wound (baby steps)
54
Q

What are the 6 types of dressings?

A
  1. Flims: retain moisture
  2. Hydrogel: create moist environment
  3. Hydrocolloids: moist environment, promotes autolytic debridement
  4. Alginates: moderate to heavy drainage (dry out more)
  5. Foam: moderate drainage (dry out more)
    6a. Silver and cadexomer iodine (knee replacement)
    6b. Treatment – vacuum assisted, hyperbaric oxygen treatment

THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions