Skeleton notes 6

Question 1

A number of innovations increased the __________ of hospital and physicians since the ________

Answer 1

effectiveness
1800s

Question 2

__________ of disease, the first scientific-based approach leading to effective treatments

Answer 2

germ theory

Question 3

What dramatically lowers mortality?

Answer 3

Antiseptic techniques

Question 4

What makes surgery more viable?

Answer 4

Anesthesia

Question 5

What is used to treat infections?

Answer 5

penicillin

Question 6

What technologies were made to increase effectiveness of hospitals and physicians

Answer 6

antiseptic techniques
anesthesia
penecillin
x-ray technology

Question 7

It should be noted that these innovations are a big reason for almost ___________ the ___________.

Answer 7

doubling
life expectancy

Question 8

The effectiveness in improiving health also lead to increased ________ for ________ and __________.

Answer 8

demand
surgeries
hospitals

Question 9

This lead to the _________ act in ________, increasing funds for new hospitals.

Answer 9

Hill-Burton
1946

Question 10

The long term trend is toward increased ________ visits and decreased length of ________.

Answer 10

outpatients
hospital stays

Question 11

technology acvances reduce _______ times

Answer 11

hospital stay

Question 12

Insurers incentivize _________ hospital stays (________ beds).

Answer 12

shorter
reuse

Question 13

We consistently see a ____________________ correlation between hospital ___________ and ___________.

Answer 13

negative
volume (quantity of patients)
outcomes (lower mortality).

Question 14

There are two hypotheses about the direction of causality:

Answer 14

Learning-by-doing hypothesis

Selective Referral Hypothesis

Question 15

What hypothesis shows higher quantity –> better quality

Answer 15

learning-by-doing hypothesis

Question 16

What hypothesis shows better quality –> higher quantity

Answer 16

selective-referral hypothesis

Question 17

In general, research finds that the experience of the ____________________ is more important than the experience of the ________.

Answer 17

hospital
physician alone

Question 18

The hospital industry is an example of a ____________

Answer 18

differential product oligopoly

Question 19

Strict barriers to entry include:

Answer 19

building costs
technoligy
staffing
networks (pharmaceuticals, medical schools, insurance)

Question 20

Not strictly a ____________________ because typically a few firms compete in a region.

Answer 20

monopoly

Question 21

Hospitals/firms typically differentiate services based on:

Answer 21

type of services (different specialties)
quality
loyalty/branding