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Week 3 & 4 > Ch 4 & 5: Developing Through the Life Span & Chapter 4 Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity (pg 154-161) > Flashcards

Ch 4 & 5: Developing Through the Life Span & Chapter 4 Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity (pg 154-161) Flashcards

1
Q

X chromosome

A

denotes female sex chromosome

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2
Q

Y chromosome

A

denotes male sex chromosome

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3
Q

Testosterone

A

promotes male sex organ development, triggered 7 weeks after conception

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4
Q

Estrogens

A

main female sex hormones

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5
Q

Primary sex characteristics:

A

the body structures, such as the ovaries, testes, and external genitalia that makes sexual reproduction possible

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6
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

nonproductive, sexual traits, such as female, breath and hips, male voice, quality, and body hair

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7
Q

Supermarche

A

first ejaculation happens around 14yrs

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8
Q

Menarche

A

first menstrual period happens within a year of 12.5 years old

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9
Q

Causes of early onset

A

stresses raise related to father absence, sexual abuse, insecure attachments, or a history of a mother smoking during pregnancy

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10
Q

Suspected triggers

A

include increased body fat, increase hormone-mimicking, chemicals in the diet, and increase stress related to family disruption

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11
Q

Secure child, mother attachment

A

can provide a buffer against childhood stresses, including those related to early puberty

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12
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

A genetic male born with two or more X chromosomes that results in sterility and small testes

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13
Q

Turner syndrome

A

genetic females born with only one normal X chromosome that may not have menstrual periods, develop breasts, or be able to have children without reproductive assistance

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14
Q

Gender roles

A

a set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for men for women

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15
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

looks closely at our physical, cognitive, and social development craft lifespan

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16
Q

Cross-Sectional Study

A

a study that compares people of different ages at the same point in that in time

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17
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

a study that follows people cross their lifetime and reached the same people overtime

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18
Q

Development in a nutshell

A

Conception—->Zygote—->Embryo—->Fetus

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19
Q

Zygote

A

fertilized egg

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20
Q

Embryo

A

a developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization to the 2nd month

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21
Q

Fetus

A

9 weeks after conception to birth

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22
Q

Teratogens

A

aka are agents, like chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm. Reason why pregnant women are advised to abstain from alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana

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23
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

leads to lifelong physical and mental abnormalities which leads to the fetus being damaged due to alcohol which can have an Epigenetic effect

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24
Q

Habituation

A

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

25
Q

Maturation

A

biological growth process to enable orderly changes in behavior, usually uninfluenced by experience

26
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

Most people don’t recall until about 3-4yrs old

27
Q

Cognition

A

a sum of all the mental activities that are associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

28
Q

Schemas

A

concepts, or mental molds into which we pour our experiences

29
Q

4 major stages of cognitive development

A

sensory motor
pre-operational
concrete operational
formal operational

30
Q

Sensory motor stage

A

according to Piaget is stage from birth to 2 years old at which infants, know the world, mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. “Out of sight out of mind”. Infants, lack object permanence, which is the awareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived.

31
Q

Pre-operational stage

A

from 2 to 6/7 years old, where child learns to use language, but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

32
Q

Conservation

A

the principal that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape

33
Q

Egocentrism

A

A child’s difficulty perceiving things from another point of view

34
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

ages seven through 11 children gain mental operations that can help them to think logically about concrete events. Children grasp the art of conversations, understand that change informed does that mean change in quantity mentally pouring milk back-and-forth between glasses of different shapes

35
Q

Formal operational stage:

A

12 years old, where people begin to psychologically about abstract concepts. Children can ponder, hypothetical, propositions, and induce consequences, such as if this, then that

36
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

develops into children after eight months

37
Q

Attachment styles

A

contact is very important type of attachment style

38
Q

Imprinting

A

is a process by which certain animals form strong attachment during early life

39
Q

Self-concept

A

is a lot of thoughts and feelings about ourselves and answers to the question “who am I? “Which is developed by the end of age 12

40
Q

What are the four main parenting styles

A

Authoritarian
Permissive
Neglectful
Authoritative

41
Q

Puberty

A

a period of sexual maturation usually marks the beginning of the ability to reproduce

42
Q

emerging adulthood

A

Is the period in life between 18-mid 20s where the young adult is settling into a new phase of life

43
Q

Middle Adulthood

A

fertility declines in women and there is a decline in sperm count, testerone level, and speed of erection and ejaculation

44
Q

Menopause

A

typically occurs in women 50 and up

45
Q

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs)

A

an acquired disorder marked by cognitive deficits aka dementia in older adults

46
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

a neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plaques that entails a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities

47
Q

Secure Attachment Style

A

when a child is able to explore freely when present with the parent, shows distress when the parent leaves, calms down quickly when the parent returns

48
Q

Insecure-Avoidan Attachment Style

A

shows little too no emotional response when parent leaves (~20%)

49
Q

Insecure-Resistant Attachment Style

A

explores very little, very wary of strangers, when parent leaves does great distress (10%-15%)

50
Q

Disorganized Attachment Style

A

due to unpredictability in the parent

51
Q

Authoritarian

A

strict, controlling parents

52
Q

Authoritative

A

firm but fair parents, provide emotional support, parents leave room for negotiation, good academics, self-regulated

53
Q

Permissive

A

kids have a lack of self-regulation, have difficulty getting along with others

54
Q

Neglectful

A

parents don’t care, are uninterested, these children have the most problems, impulsivity, behavior problems, drug use, emotional indifference, poor academic performance

55
Q

Assimilation

A

need objects fitting into an existing schema

56
Q

Accommodation

A

the adjustment of a schema or expansion to allow accurate incorporation of new items

57
Q

Social learning theory

A

behavior is learned through observation modeling, punishment, rewards

58
Q

Gender schema theory

A

children are active learners using schemas to learn socialization

59
Q

Kubler-Ross model for Grief and Loss (DABDA)

A

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Week 3 & 4 (2 decks)

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