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Physical geography > Coastal system key words > Flashcards

Coastal system key words Flashcards

1
Q

What is abrasion / attrition?

A

A form of erosion where lose material sandpapers the walls and floors of the river, cliff and glacier

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2
Q

What is Backshore?

A

The upper beach closest to the land, eg sand dunes and cliffs

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3
Q

What is beach morphology?

A

The surface shape of the beach

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4
Q

What is coastal recession?

A

The retreat of the coastline because of erosion, sea level rise or submergence

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5
Q

What is a concordant coastline?

A

A coastline where bands of alternate geology run parallel to the coast

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6
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Form of erosion when breaking waves fling material at a cliff face and knocking off material

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7
Q

What is a Dalmatian coast?

A

Concordant coastlines with multiple river valleys running perpendicular to the coast. They become flooded to produce parallel Long Islands and inlets

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8
Q

What is DEFRAS CBA?

A

An evaluation of coastal towns economic value compared to the management that is required.

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8
Q

What is a discordant coast?

A

Coastline where bands of alternate geology run perpendicular to the shore

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9
Q

What is a dynamic equilibrium?

A

When the system trues to achieve a balance by making constant changes in response to the changing system

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9
Q

What is an emergent coast?

A

A coastline that’s advancing relative to the sea level at the time

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10
Q

What does eustatic mean?

A

Global changes to sea levels

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11
Q

What is a fetch?

A

Distance that the wave travels before it reaches the coastline. Distance to the nearest land mass in the direction that the wave travels

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11
Q

What is a fjord?

A

Long narrow inlet that’s deeper in the middle than the mouth, created when sea levels rise relative to the land, floods coastal glacial valleys

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12
Q

What is a foreshore?

A

Lower part of the beach covered twice a day at high tide (It receives the most wave action)

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13
Q

What is freeze thaw?

A

Form of physical sub-aerial weathering where water freezes in the cracks of rocks, it expands and enlarges the crack and weakens the rock

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14
Q

What is geology ?

A

The structure and arrangement of a rock

15
Q

What is glacial erosion?

A

The removal of loose material by glacier ice, involving plucking, abrasion, crushing and basal meltwater

16
Q

What is grading?

A

The layering of sediments based on their size

17
Q

What are high-energy environments?

A

A coast where wave action is predominantly large destructive waves and they cause erosion

18
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

The pressure of compressed air forced into cracks in a rock causing it to weaken and break apart

19
Q

What is integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)?

A

Large sections of the coastline that are managed with 1 strategy and management occurs in different political areas

20
Q

What does impermeable mean?

A

A rock that doesn’t allow rainwater to pass through

21
Q

What is isostatic?

A

A change in local coastline or land height relative to sea level

22
Q

What is a littoral cell?

A

A section of the coast that involves Lots of sediment movement. Its an open system

23
Q

What is longshore drift?

A

The transportation of sediment along a beach. It’s determined by the direction of prevailing wind

24
Q

What is a low energy environment?

A

A coast where wave action is predominately small constructive waves and cause deposition, leading to beach accretion

25
Q

What is mass movement?

A

The falling or movement of rock due to gravity

26
Q

What is nearshore?

A

The area before the shore where wave steepness breaks before the shore. It extends from the low tide zone and then out to sea

27
Q

What does permeable mean?

A

A rock that allows rainwater to pass through

28
Q

What is pant succession?

A

Change to a plant community due to growing conditions adapting, eg - sand dunes and salt marshes

29
Q

What are rias?

A

Narrow widening inlet, that is deepest at the mouth, formed when. sea levels rise and cause coastal valleys to flood

30
Q

What is saltation?

A

Smaller sediment bounces along a seabed pushed by currents. The sediment’s too heavy to be picked up bt the flow of water

31
Q

What is a sediment cell?

A

Sections of the coast

32
Q

What is sediment budget?

A

Use of data on inputs, outputs, stores and transfers to assess the gains and losses of sediment within the cell

33
Q

What is an SMP?

A

Identifies all activities that occur at the coastline natural and human, can have 4 actions for each stretch of the coastline- hold the line, advance the line, managed realignment and no action

34
Q

What are sub - aerial processes>

A

Combinations of mass movement and weathering that affects the coastal land above the sea

35
Q

What is a submergence coast?

A

A coast that’s sinking relative to the sea level at the time

36
Q

What is a till/

A

Deposits of angular rock fragments in a finer material

37
Q

What is wave quarrying>

A

Air is trapped and compressed against a cliff causing rock fragments to break off there cliff over time

Physical geography (9 decks)

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