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CDM > Patient Care exam 2 > Flashcards

Patient Care exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is asthma reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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2
Q

What kind of onset isthma

A

Sudden onset

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3
Q

Which are these an example of
emotional stress
allergy to food
air pollution
upper respiratory infection
exercise induce

A

Asthma triggers

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4
Q

What is allergic asthma associated with

A

extrinsic asthma

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5
Q

With what population of people is extrinsic asthma most common in

A

children

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6
Q

Non allergic asthma is associated with what kind of asthma

A

Intrinsic asthma

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7
Q

What population of people is intrinsic asthma

A

adults older than 35

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8
Q

What should you avoid with asthma

A

aspirin and NSAIDS because they are vascoconstrictors

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9
Q

Asthma, nasal polyps and sensitivity to asprin and NSAIDS are assocaited with?

A

triad asthma

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10
Q

What kind of asthma is considered a true emergency

A

triad asthmaticus

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11
Q

People with triad asthmaticus have no containdication with what?

A

NO, Valium, O2

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12
Q

What is the goal of prevention of asthma?

A

to prevent an acute attack

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13
Q

With a good medical history with asthma the goal is to determine?

A

severity and stability of the disease

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14
Q

Terminate procedure
position patient up right
calm patient
adminster ventolin
administor O2
what do these associate with?

A

Asthma managment

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15
Q

What does this characterize
attacks <3 week
<30 min
only with exercise

A

mild asthma

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16
Q

What does this characterize as
3-5 attacks a week
last 30 min
affects sleep

A

Moderate asthma

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17
Q

What does this characterize
daily attacks
use steroids
er visits

A

Severe asthma attacks

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18
Q

What is a chronic and growing illness

A

Diabetes

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19
Q

What is the third leading cause of death

A

diabetes

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20
Q

What disease is a group of metabolic syndromes resulting in low levels of insulin

A

diabetes

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21
Q

What disease is more ommon in kids and is because of beta destruction and is an abupt onset

A

Type 1 diabetes

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22
Q

What disease is seen in adults and the onset is slow?

A

Type II diabetes

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23
Q

What kind of diabetes involves abnomrla glucose tolerance during pregnancy?

A

Gestational

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24
Q

When are glucose levels controlled?

A

in the morning

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25
Q

body produces high level of blood acid called ketons is what

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

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26
Q

When does diabetic ketoacidosis occur

A

when your body cant produce enough insulin

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27
Q

Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
dry skin
dry mouth
fruity smelling breath
these are examples of what

A

hyperglycemia

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28
Q

pale
weakness
shallow weakness
onset very sudden
blood glucose values <50

A

hypoglycemia symptoms

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29
Q

when should you schedule an appointment for hypoglycemia

A

after a meal

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30
Q

postion patient comfortable
administer 100% oxygen
oral carbs
unconscious, cake icing

A

Managment of hypoglycemia

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31
Q

what does A1C measure

A

sugar in blood over the past 2-3 months

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32
Q

what does HbA1c measure

A

glucose over the last 30-90 days
if you have diabetes an ideal level is 6.5% or below

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33
Q

What happens when <70mg/dl
and >200mg/dl

A

at 70 defer treatment and give cards. at 200 defer treatement and refer to physician

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34
Q

what happens with insulin shock

A

if you fail to eat in accrodance with diet and continue to take insulin then you will experience hypoglycemic reaction

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35
Q

characterized by hunger, weakness, trembling, tachycardia, pallor, sweating are signs of what

A

mild insulin shock stage

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36
Q

because blood glucose drops the patient becomes incoherent and uncooperative and can sometimes judgement is defective and can hurt themselves or others

A

this is moderate insulin shock

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37
Q

What kind of insulin shock is determined by unconsciousness with or without tonic. Most of these reactions take place during sleep

A

Severe insulin shock

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38
Q

The reaction to excessive insulin can be corrected by giving the patient sweetend fruit juice

A

Insulin shock

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39
Q

poorly controlled urinate
xerosteomia
bacterial, viral and fungal infections
poor wound healing
These are examples of….

A

oral manifestations of diabetes

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40
Q

periodontal dsiease
bidirectional hyperglycemia affects oral health
xerostomia and burning mouth syndrome
increased infection and poor wound healing
increased incidence
These are examples……

A

diabetes of oral complications

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41
Q

What is an abnormal response of the immune system to a substance

A

Allergy

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42
Q

Rapid onsent
type 1- igE mediated anaphylaxis
antibiotics
analgesics
narcotics
anesthetics
These are examples….

A

rapid allergic reaction

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43
Q

What is an acute reaction involving smooth muscle of the bronchi in with antigen IgE antibody complexes

A

Anaphylaxis

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44
Q

Skin
respiratory
cardiovascular
eyes, nose, GI
respiratory
These are examples of….

A

anaphylactic reactions

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45
Q

position patient supine
BCLS
oxygen
monitor vital
These are examples of

A

allergic reaction management

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46
Q

onset is greater than an hour
non life threatening
antibiotics
analgesics
narcotics
These are examples of

A

Delayed Allergic reaction

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47
Q

rash
itching
hives
edema
These symptoms are examples of

A

Delayed allergic reactions

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48
Q

These management techniques are for ______?
terminate procedure
positition patient
BCLs
Benadryl 50 mg
Continue benadryl

A

delayed management for allergic reaction

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49
Q

What are these risk factors for___?
heredity
sex
race
age of 65 or older

A

heart disease

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50
Q

These are risk factors for ___?
smoking
alcohol use
stress
obesity
diabetes
cholestrol
hypertension
sleep apnea

A

heart disease

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51
Q

Extreme fatigue
dizzy
fast heart rate
irregular heart rate
chest pain
difficulty breathing
nausea
edema
These are signs for

A

Heart disease

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52
Q

What is edema related to

A

Heart disease

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53
Q

What is narrowing of the aortic valve

A

stenosis

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54
Q

what is is called when breathing id difficult or labored

A

dyspnea

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55
Q

What is it called when its difficult to breath lying down

A

orthopnea

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56
Q

_____ decreases or blocked blood flow to the heart is due to cholestrol

A

Coronary artery disease

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57
Q

How can someone prevent cardiovascular disease and diabetes

A

manage ABCs
a1c
blood pressure
cholestrol
stop smoking

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58
Q

____ is elevation in serum lipid leves is a major risk factor and increased blood pressure

A

atherosclerosis

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59
Q

systolic blood pressure is related to _____

A

atherosclerosis

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60
Q

_____ most common, brief resulting from temporary ischemia of myocardium

A

angina pectoris

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61
Q

____ least common, pain is prolonged

A

acute M. I.

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62
Q

To diagnosis _____
chest pain
tightness in midchest
pain is brief, lasting 5-15 min

A

angina pectoris

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63
Q

the cause of _____
blood supply to cardiac muscle is insufficient for oxygen

A

angina pectoris

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64
Q

_____ is pain that is predictable and unchanging. Pain is precipated by physical effort such as walking stairs

A

stable angina

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65
Q

______ is defined as a new onset increasing frequency, precipated by less effort than before
Not readily relieved by nitroglycerin
KEY FEATURE is changing character

A

unstable angina

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66
Q

factory workers exposed to high levels of nitrogelycerin power coined the term

A

monday disease

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67
Q

What _____ exerts action in 2-4 min, lasts 30 min and the side effects are
pounding head
flushing
tachycardia

A

nitroglycerin

68
Q

the stress reduction protocol for ______ is to avoid vasoconstrictors, oxygen, nitrogycerine tabs, 4444 if it doesnt go away

A

angina pectoris

69
Q

the treatment for _____ is to semi sitting positino, check vitals, nitroglycerin, repeat 5 minutes up to 3 doses in 15 min times period. Check BP, if BP drops below 100mm/Hg STOPPPPPP!!!

A

angina pectoris

70
Q

After you have administed nitroglycerin and the pain is not relieved you should _____

A

give one aspirin 325 mg or four 81 mg

71
Q

signs of ______ are chest pain, angina lasting longer than 15 min, pale, weakness, cold sweat, sense of impededing death

A

myocardial infaction

72
Q

myocardial infarction can progess to ____

A

cardiac arrest

73
Q

with unresponsive patients from mycocardial infarction you should ____-

A

do CPR and use AED

74
Q

if a patient has a mycardial infarction
when can you and can you not administer dental treatmetn

A

less than 8 weeks NO treatment
more than 8 weeks, must have permission from medical consult

75
Q

what should you not prescribe for patients who have a history of MI

A

NSAIDS

76
Q

what is the stress reduction protocol for myocardial infarction

A

short app
early app
NO
limit vasoconstrictors
profound anesthesia

77
Q

____ most common >65 years of age, results from functional cardiac disorder and ability of the VENTRICLE to fill with blood

A

heart failure

78
Q

these are signs for ____
fatigue
edema
clubbing of digits
syncope
angina
breathing difficulty

A

heart failure

79
Q

_____ is characterized by chronic airflow limitation from lungs and is NOT REVERSIBLE

A

COPD

80
Q

____ is the 3rd leading cause of death in 2020

A

COPD

81
Q

what are the two disesases of COPD

A

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

82
Q

_____ is chronic inflammation of the bronchi that produce excess tracheobronchial mucus

A

chronic bronchitis

83
Q

_____ is a persistent cough with sputum for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years in a patients

A

chronic bronchitis

84
Q

___ typically begins at age 40

A

COPD

85
Q

____ this term describes patients with chronic bronchits because they are descirbes as overweight, and breathless

A

blue bloaters

86
Q

____ is permanent enlargment of air spaces inthe lungs accompanied by the destruction of air space

A

emphysema

87
Q

patients with emphysema are known as _____ because they have barrel chest and have weight loss, dyspnea and pursing lips

A

pink puffers

88
Q

_____ is a condition is which heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever

A

rheumatic heart disease

89
Q

what disease is caused by an untreated streptococcal infection like strep throat or scarlet fever

A

rheumatic heart disease

90
Q

____ is a disorder that interferes with daily function and results in loss of independence

A

dementia

91
Q

the most common causes of _____ are alzheimers, vascular dementia, and parkinsons

A

dementia

92
Q

the signs of ____ are memory loss, cognitive decline, behaviorial change

A

alzheimers

93
Q

what is the average lifespan of someone with alzeimers

A

8 years

94
Q

patients with _____ diseases maintain normal organ function and recieve routine dental treatment

A

mild to moderate alzeimers

95
Q

antipsychotics, antidepressants and anxiolytics are used with patients who have

A

severe alzheimers disease
(these medications contribute to xerostomia with increased dental caries)

96
Q

what is the disease accompanied with primary adrenal insufficiency

A

addisons disease

97
Q

autoimmune disease
decrease in cortisol
decrease in aldosterone
These are symptoms of…..

A

addisons disease

98
Q

discoloration of lips and gums is a sign of…..

A

addisons disease

99
Q

_____ is caused by the pituitary disease

A

secondary adrenal insufficiency

100
Q

_____ is caused by a impair function of the hypothalmus

A

tertiary adreanl insufficiency

101
Q

____ is the inability to increase cortisol production with sress

A

adrenal insufficiency

102
Q

symptoms of ____
tired
weak
orthostatic hypotension
poor healing increase infection
darkened skin
SALT CRAVING

A

addisons disesase (adrenal insufficiency)

103
Q

____ refers to a condition by excessive cortisol in the body and is caused by steroid drugs

A

cushing disease

104
Q

____ can be caused by steroid drugs and pathophysiolic process

A

cushing disease

105
Q

these are examples of _____
rheumatoid arthritis
lupus
asthma
psoriasis

A

steroid uses

106
Q

These are symptoms of_____
weight gain
moon face
buffalo hump
fragile skin
abdominal striae
decreased healing

A

cushing syndrome

107
Q

____ manifest as hypotensive collapse, abdominal pain, myalgia and fever

A

adrenal crisis

108
Q

failure to fulfill major role, and causes personal problems can be diagnoses as ____

A

alcohol or drug abuse

109
Q

enlarged parotid glands and spider angiomas are signs of ___

A

alcohol abuse

110
Q

liver and bone damage
cirrhosis
vit k def
reduced effect of anesthetics
nutritional def
These are effects of ____

A

alcohol

111
Q

> 5 oz/ 4 hrs is ___

A

binge drinking

112
Q

drinking and smoking can result in _____

A

oral cancer

113
Q

the effect of ____ are
ineraction with anesthetic
liver damge
infections diseases if share needles

A

drug

114
Q

_____ is characterized by gingivial recession and erosion of facial aspects

A

cocaine

115
Q

____ is characterized by xerostomia, caries, bruxism and muscle trismus

A

meth

116
Q

What should you do with someone who is on drugs and has bad oral manifestations

A

dont provide extensive care till home care improves

117
Q

____ is the reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

A

anemia

118
Q

___ is associated with decrease in RBC, affects females more, abnormality in hb

A

anemia

119
Q

iron
folate
hemolytic
sickle cell
These are types of what?

A

anemia

120
Q

symptoms of ___ pale, fatigue, low bp, rapid heart rate

A

anemia

121
Q

oral signs of ___ are burning red tongue, bleeding gums, delayed healing

A

anemia

122
Q

____ is craving and chewing ice and is assocaited with ____

A

pagophagia and is assocaited with iron def

123
Q

___ is a severe restriction of food intake, leading to weight loss

A

anorexia nervosa

124
Q

____ is restriction of food by binge eating followed by methods to get rid of food

A

bulimia nervosa

125
Q

these define what disease?
age onset: 14-18
females 90-95%

A

anorexia

126
Q

these are symptoms of ____?
hair thin
neck swelling
fainting
low bp
osteoporosis

A

Anorexia nervosa

127
Q

these are characteristics of what disease ____?
average onset: 20 yrs old
females 90-95%
1/2 have peronsality disorders

A

bulimia

128
Q

amalgam restorations are higher than enamel is a sign of _____

A

bulimia

129
Q

this is a characteristic of ____
enamel erosion on the lingual of ant teeth

A

bulimia

130
Q

____ is the loss of enamel and dentine on lingual surfaces by chemical effects

A

perimylolysis

131
Q

to determine ______
ask: when did it occur?
how long did it last?
have you been diagnososed?

A

abnormal bleeding

132
Q

____ is used to detect bleeding disorders or excessive clotting disorders

A

PT test

133
Q

if you take a blood thinning medication then your PT test will be expressed as ____

A

INR

134
Q

____ is calculated from a PT test result

A

INR

135
Q

PT test can be represented either in ____ or _____

A

seconds (10-30 seconds) or INR

136
Q

typcial INR score for people on blood thinner is

A

2-3

137
Q

a healthy INR range is

A

1.1

138
Q

These are examples of ____
rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic Lupus
Sjogren syndrome
diabetes
graves disease

A

autoimmune disease

139
Q

____ is a disroder that affect bones joints and muscles

A

rheumatic disease

140
Q

what disease is not an autoimmune disease

A

osteoarthristis

141
Q

most everyone over the age of 60 has some degree of ____

A

osteoarthritis

142
Q

____ is a autoimmune disaese of unknown orgin

A

rheumatoid

143
Q

symptoms of ____
inflammation of joints, hands feet and knees

A

rhumtoid

144
Q

_____ characteristics
joint involvement
joint inflammation
morning stiffness
systemic manifestations

A

rheumatoid

145
Q

_____ characteristscs
1-2 joints
no inflammation
heberden nodes of DIP
no systemic involvement

A

osteoarthritis

146
Q

___ is chronic inflammatory disorder that affects interal and external sytems of body

A

systemic lupus

147
Q

____ is present in a women with polyarthritis and a butterfly shaped erythematous rash across nose and cheeks

A

systemic lupus

148
Q

____ oral manifestations
ulcerations, burning mouth, infection are common because of corticosteroids

A

systemic lupus

149
Q

____ characterized by symptoms of oral and ocular dryness and progressive loss of salivary function

A

sjogrens syndrome

150
Q

____ is dry eyes and dry mouth seen in absence of CT disease, not common

A

primary sjogren

151
Q

___ is more common and dry eyes and dry moth are seen together with other autoimmune disease

A

secondary sjogren

152
Q

___ is characterized by chronic and recurrent paroxysmal changes in neurological function, altered consciousness or involunary movements by spontantous electrical activity in brain

A

epilepsy

153
Q

___ symptoms are
aura
irritability
epilpetic cry
loss of consciousness
muscle rigidity

A

epilepsy symptoms

154
Q

____ treatment is
long term drug therapy of dilantine and tegretol

A

epilepsy

155
Q

epilepsy uncontrolled occurs between ____ seizures a moth
and well controlled is ___ a month

A

> 1-2 and <1-2

156
Q

a patient with ____ ask them if they feel tired?
ask them to communcate if they sense a seizure coming
Dont shine light in pt eyes

A

epilepsy

157
Q

____ management
protect patient
dont move pt to floor, place chair in SUPINE position
Remove instruments
O2 if necessary
4444

A

epilepsy

158
Q

____ is when stomach liquids regurgitate

A

GERD

159
Q

dental implications of ____
halitosis
enamel erosion

A

GERD

160
Q

____ is sudden or electric pain

A

trigeminal neuraliga

161
Q

____ is intermittent attacks, women >50

A

trigeminal neuraliga

162
Q

Reasons for med consults are

A

rheumatic fever
MI in last 6 mos
hypertension 160/100
unsure how well diabetes is controlled
heart defects
> 5 meds
chemo or radiation

163
Q

what does medication history include

A

Rx, OTC, herba natural or alt
have patients bring a list of all meds

164
Q

these are examples of ____
itching
hives
rash
swelling
wheezing

A

true allergies

165
Q

these are examples of ____
nausea
vomiting
palpations
not true allergy

A

drug intolerance

CDM (5 decks)

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