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Sustainability Exam 2 > History of Graphic Communication > Flashcards

History of Graphic Communication Flashcards

1
Q

Oral Tradition

A

No formal language - verbal

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2
Q

First recorded message

A

a Petroglyph - Animals etched into wall
Found in 1940 Lascu, France
From 20-30,000 BC
Shows they were Hunter Gathers, used all of the animal, and how they survived

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3
Q

Pictograph

A

a pictorial symbol for a word or phrase
Used as the earliest known form of writing
Examples found in Egypt and Mesopotamia from before 3000 BC

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4
Q

Petroglyphs

A

image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, form of rock art

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5
Q

Scribal Tradition

A

Means of recording the verbal communication

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6
Q

Sumerians

A
  • First evidence of GC being used in an organized manner - - First group to become a society
  • Leader
  • Rules
  • Needed to share rules with everyone
  • Used clay tablets (substrate)
  • Would scrawl an image into with reeds
  • People moved around and mingled in Egypt
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7
Q

Cuneiform

A

Language that the Sumerians came up with to record. Had an alphabet

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8
Q

Egypt

A
  • Hired Scribes
  • Became more powerful than Sumerians
  • Recorded history
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9
Q

Scribes

A
  • Formal profession
  • By hand
  • Expensive
  • Lasted 6000 years
  • Used papyrus paper instead of clay for easier transport
  • Ink made from minerals
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10
Q

What did the Sumerians and the Egyptians both use scribes for ?

A
  • Record trade
  • Important to make society work
  • facilitated economic development
  • Enabling tool was GC
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11
Q

Phoenicians

A
  • Came up with first phonetic alphabet
  • Influences by Egypt
  • Closer to spoken language
  • Greek and Romans followed after
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12
Q

Parchment Paper

A

Made from animal skins in 200 AD

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13
Q

Cai Lun

A
  • Invented the first “press” in 100-200 AD
  • used coated wooden blocks and pressed them into paper
  • Chinese
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14
Q

Screw Press

A
  • Koreans invented
  • More efficient
  • Similar to grape press
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15
Q

Earliest Book Printed

A

The Diamond Sutra in 400-500 AD in China

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16
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A
  • Invented his press in approximately 1440
  • secretive about timeline
  • didn’t paten the invention
17
Q

Why was Gutenberg’s Press different

A

Unique process -
- Oil based inks, richer more consistent colors
- Moveable type, made a matrix
- Adjustable mold, could vary type width and height
- All was integrated into a press , Faster Better Cheaper

18
Q

What was the first book Gutenberg printed?

A

Bible - only the Church owned it before. Still had to be wealthy to buy one

19
Q

Why was Gutenberg’s press the most significant invention?

A
  • Fostered communication and learning
  • by 1500 (60 years later) its estimated that there were around 20 million printed books
20
Q

Evirate Rodgers

A
  • Author of Diffusion of Innovation /Diffusion of Communication
  • All the ‘things’ that happened would have been unlikely to have happened without printing
  • The printing press had a ripple effect on the world
21
Q

The Renaissance

A
  • Adopted in Florence Italy in 1300’s
    Lorenzo di Medici 1449-1492
    De Vinci
    Michelangelo
    Botticelli
  • With the help of printing it spread north into Europe
22
Q

The Reformation

A
  • Martin Luther 1517 was a catholic priest who was troubled by the popes choices
  • Wrote Disputation by the Power of Indulgences
  • 95 theses printed on university press
  • split from church and made his own congregation
  • Church of Luther
23
Q

The Scientific Revolution

A
  • In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus wrote “Revolutions in the Heavenly Spheres”
  • Earth revolved the sun
  • Printed book in Nuremberg Germany
24
Q

The Industrial Revolution

A

1760 England / 1860 America
- Hand production turned into machinery
- First industry was textiles
- Water to power first then steam
- Printing was the communication method that shared the knowledge and technical achievement

25
Q

Alois Senefelder

A
  • Due to the outgrowth of the Industrial Revolution the process of print production was impacted
  • in 1796 German play writer Alois Senefelder, invented lithography
  • water and oil don’t mix

Sustainability Exam 2 (4 decks)

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