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23 Endodontics > 9 - Endodontic Microbiology > Flashcards

9 - Endodontic Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

role of bacteria in endo

A
  1. Bacteria required for pulp disease
  2. Pulp damage required for infection
  3. Bacteria usually confined in canal
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2
Q

what is the main source of bacterial contamination of pulp tissue

A

caries

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3
Q

how many dentinal tubules per sq. mm of dentin

A

15,000

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4
Q

diameter of dentinal tubule

A

1 to 4 microns

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5
Q

most bacteria is ___micron

A

less than 1 micron

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6
Q

who was the first person/year to first associate bacteria with pulpal disease

A

W.D. Miller 1890

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7
Q

who proved and year than bacteria are the cause of pulpal and PA disease

A

Kakehashi 1965

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8
Q

T/F: pulp status is very important in its susceptibility to colonization

A

TRUE

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9
Q

because of lack of circulation, what is absent in necrotic pulp

A

normal host defense

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10
Q

what causes an apical lesion

A

toxins and bacteria

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11
Q

what is done to eliminate infection from canal

A

endo therapy

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12
Q

is the body defense capable of taking care of apical lesion

A

yes

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13
Q

routes of bacterial contamination

A
  1. Open Cavity
  2. Dentinal Tubules
  3. Periodontal disease
  4. Developmental defects
  5. Infection from another tooth?
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14
Q

what are examples of developmental defects

A
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15
Q

is there one specific bacteria in endo infections

A

no

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16
Q

are endo infections native to oral cavity

A

yes

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17
Q

endo infections are [single OR mixed] infections

A

MIXED

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18
Q

what bacteria are in caries (ea. layer)

A
  1. S. Mutans on superficial layers
  2. Anaerobes in deepest layers
  3. Actinomyces in root caries
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19
Q

T/F: Following pulp exposure numerous species of opportunistic bacteria can invade and colonize the pulp

A

TRUE

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20
Q

what are bacteria in polymicrobial infections

A
  1. Strict anaerobic bacteria
  2. Facultative anaerobes
  3. Rarely aerobes
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21
Q

The predominance of ___ suggests that a selective process favoring the growth of these bacteria takes place. In time, the proportion as well as the total number of ___ increases

A

strict anaerobes; strict anaerobes

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22
Q

what is the ecological environement of root canal

A
  1. Rich substrate of nutrients (polypetides and aminoacids)
  2. Low oxygen tension
  3. Bacterial interactions
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23
Q

T/F: the growth of some bacterial species INDEPENDENT on the metabolic byproducts of other species

A

FALSE! DEPENDENT!

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24
Q

what is bacteria organized in complex microbial community

A

biofilm

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25
Q

what is composed of great variety of bacteria with different ecological requirements and pathogenic potential

A

biofilm

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26
Q

what protects microorganisms from host immunological resistance

A

biofilm

27
Q

what protects microorganisms from therapeutic measures such as medicaments and irrigating solutions

A

biofilm

28
Q

can the same patient have different combination of bacteria on one tooth compared to another tooth in the same oral cavity

A

YES

29
Q

is black pigmented bacteria (BPB) anaerobic or aerobic

A

anaerobic

30
Q

BPB previously know as what

A

black pigmented bacteria (BPB) previously known as bacteriodes

31
Q

anaerobic organisms are currently classified in what genus

A

prevotella and porphyromonas

32
Q

what is the accurate way of detecting and classifying microorganisms to find DNA or RNA

A

PCR

33
Q

what can invade periapical lesion and cause a rare persistent infection that will not heal after endodontic therapy

A

actinomyces isralii

34
Q

Associated with failing root canals
Can persists after root canal treatment
Resistant to some medications
Difficult to erradicate

A

enterococcous faecalis

35
Q

Associated with painful symptoms during root canal infections
Involved with other microorganisms in mixed infections

A

prevotella melaninogenica

36
Q

___ is the most common BPB cultivated from endodontic infections

A

Porphyromonas Nigrescens

37
Q

what is responsible for dentin staining during endo infections

A

Porphyromonas Nigrescens or just an endo bacteria

38
Q

Periapical healing occurred in 94% of cases with [positive or negative] cultures at time of obturation

A

negative

39
Q

Only 68% healing in cases that had [positive or negative]
cultures at time of obturation

A

positive

40
Q

what are other organisms found in the pulp

A
  1. Viruses (HIV)
  2. Yeasts (Candida Albicans)
  3. Spirochetes
41
Q

7% of 692 samples of therapy resistant chronic apical periodontitis showed the presence of what

A

fungi/candida albicans

42
Q

tests to detect bacteria

A
  1. sensitivity test
  2. gram stain
  3. special cultures needed for anaerobic bacteria
  4. PCR testing
43
Q

what test to determine which antibiotics would be most affective against bacteria

A

sensitivity

44
Q

what test to determine bacteria type

A

gram stain

45
Q

when to culture

A
  1. Tooth does not respond to treatment
  2. Persistent symptoms
  3. Sinus tract will not heal
  4. Persistent exudate in canal
46
Q

what is the aseptic technique

A
  1. Field of operation
  2. Sterilized instruments and materials
  3. Disinfected surfaces in operatory
  4. Operator barrier protection (gloves, mask, PROTECTIVE GLASSES etc.)
  5. Canal disinfection
  6. Coronal seal
47
Q

endo infection will persist until when

A

until source is removed

48
Q

what is done in endodontic therapy against bacteria

A
  1. Chemo-mechanical debridement
  2. Use of antimicrobials
  3. Canal obturation
  4. Coronal restoration
49
Q

are antibiotics effective in endo? why?

A

Because of a lack of blood supply antibiotics are not effective in destroying the reservoir of bacteria located in the root canal

50
Q

can antibiotics be used as a substitute for tx in endo

A

no

51
Q

can a majority of endo infections be treated without the use of antibiotics

A

yes

52
Q

can you use prophylactic antibiotics to prevent flare-ups in endo

A

no - not justified

53
Q

what bacteria can be found in root caries

A

actinomyces

54
Q

what bacteria can be found in caries

A

strep mutans

55
Q

what bacteria found in periodontitis

A

porphyromonas

56
Q

can viruses be found in the pulp space?

A

YES! HIV and Hep B

57
Q

what bacteria is found in failing root canals and is resistant to most root canal medications

A

enterococcus faecalis

58
Q

T/F: there is a specific bacteria that causes endodontic infections

A

FALSE! many different bacteria!

59
Q

T/F: endodontic infections are mostly polymicrobial

A

TRUE (polymicrobial = multiple bacterias)

60
Q

T/F: bacteria can gain access into the pulp thru dentinal tubules

A

TRUE

61
Q

T/F: Infections in the root canal can be self sustaining due to metabolic products that are excreted by one type of bacteria and utilized as nutrients by other species of bacteria

A

TRUE

62
Q

T/F: a carious exposure is needed for bacteria to access the pulp

A

FALSE! must enter via tubules

63
Q

T/F: The principal etiology for pulpal disease is microbial

A

TRUE! (specifically polymicrobial)

64
Q

T/F: bacteria in endodontic infections are mostly aerobic

A

FALSE! anaerobic!

23 Endodontics (12 decks)

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