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health science 1001a > Chapter 8--Cancer > Flashcards

Chapter 8--Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

Also called a tumour; a mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose

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2
Q

Stages of tumour development are as follows: Hyperplasia

A

The cell divides too much than it should

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3
Q

Dysplasia

A

The cells take on a different shape

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4
Q

In situ cancer

A

This type of cancer is diagnised whe the cancer is found in the location it was first formed

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5
Q

LOcalized invasive tumour

A

Spread to nearby tissues but has not spread beyond the boundaries of organ of origin

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6
Q

Metastasis

A

The tumour spreads suchthat ir can shed malignant cells into a blood vessel or the lymphatic vessel, the cells can travel to distant sites and create new tumours

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7
Q

Secondary tumours are also known as_____

A

metastates

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8
Q

The cancer is typically small and hasn’t spread outside the origin. This is characteristic of what stage if cancer?

A

Stage 1

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9
Q

The cancer has spread to a distant site in the body through blood vessels and the lymphatic system. What stage of cancer?

A

Stage 4

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10
Q

The tumour has spread to nearby tissues outside the organ it started in. What stage of cancer?

A

Stage 2 and 3

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11
Q

Cancers arising from bone, cartilage and striated muscle are known as___________-

A

Sacromas

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12
Q

What percentage of females have breast cancer?

A

25%

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13
Q

What percentage of males have prostate cancer?

A

20.3%

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14
Q

What percentage of females have ovarian cancer?

A

2.7%

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15
Q

__________percent of cancers diagnised is lung cancers

A

13

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16
Q

The chief risk factor for lung cancer is –____________

A

Tobacco smoke

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17
Q

The third most common cancer among both men and women is ________________

A

colon and rectal cancer

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18
Q

Three risk factors for colon and rectal cancers include

A
  • age
  • lifestyle
  • genetics
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19
Q

majority of colorectal cancers are diagnosed in people aged__________

A

50 and older

20
Q

A screening test where a fibre-optic device is inserted through the rectum is known as ________________

A

sigmoidoscopy

21
Q

About ___ in ____ women will develop breast cancer during her life time

A

1 in 8

22
Q

A strong factor for breast cancer is ___________

A

Genetics

23
Q

breast implants and abortions can increase the incidence of breast cancer. true or false

A

False

24
Q

The five-year survival rate of breast cancer across all ages is______

A

87%

25
Q

Mastectomy refers to_____________

A

the removal of the breast

26
Q

SERM means_________________

A

selective estrogen receptor modulators

27
Q

SERM acts like estrogen in some tissues of the body but _____________

A

blocks its effects in others

28
Q

The third leading cause of cancer death among men in Canada is ______________

A

Prostate cancer

29
Q

The strongest predictor of the risk of prostate cancer is _______

A

age

30
Q

For prostate cancer, genetics is responsible for about _____to______ percent of cases

A

5 to 20

31
Q

Early prostate cancer has which of the following symptoms:
1. headache
2. enlarged thyroid gland
3. mucous in the urine
4. none of the above

A

none of the above

32
Q

What are two warning signs of prostate cancer?

A

Changes in urinary frequency and weak or interrupted urinary flow

33
Q

PSA means___________

A

Prostate specific antigen

34
Q

A low proportion of unbound (free) PSA is associated with a __________ risk of prostate cancer.
a. higher risk
b. lower risk

A

higher risk

35
Q

PSA made by healthy prostate cells are normally bound in the blood. True or False.

A

False

36
Q

_________of women with breast cancer report a history of GBV

A

42.3%

37
Q

Almost all cases of cervical cancer stem from________

A

Infection bu the human papilloma virus (HPV)

38
Q

Apart from the HPV, what other causes of cervical cancer are present?

A

-Smoking
- Genital herpes
- Bacterium that causes Chlamydia

39
Q

Doses of the HPV vaccine are given ________ months apart

A

Six

40
Q

Examination of cervical cells for cancer is known as

A

Pap test

41
Q

The ABCDE of melanoma stands for…

A

A Asymmetry
B Border
C Colour
D Diameter
E Evolve

42
Q

About _______ to ___________ percent of all cancers have a strong hereditary componenet.

A

5 to 10 %

43
Q

What percentage of HPV and sexually active people have cervical cancer?

A

75%

44
Q

UVA contains ______________ wavelengths

A

Longer

45
Q

What range of percentages of cancers around the world are associated with microbes?

A

15% to 20%

46
Q

Mel loves her grandmother’s attic because she used to play there as a child with her other cousins. Now that she’s grown up, the attic is unused. It’s poorly ventilated, dusty and most likely home to some rodents. She spends a lot of time there, now that she’s with her grandma again. Some weeks later she experiences a recurring cough and goes to the hospital to get it checked out. She has lung cancer. What chemical element is likely responsible for this?
a. Oxygen
b. hydrogen
c. radon
d. carbon

A

c. radon

47
Q
A

health science 1001a (4 decks)

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