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Path review > Hamster Viruses > Flashcards

Hamster Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is HaPV?

A

Hamster Parvovirus

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2
Q

What is another name for Hamster parvovirus or HaPV?

A

Rodent Protoparvovirus-1 (RPV-1)

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3
Q

What age does HaPV typically affect?

A

suckling to weanling hamsters (up to 4 weeks)

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4
Q

Clinical signs of HaPV

A
  • Usually subclinical
  • High mortality in some cases
  • Ataxia
  • Diarrhea
  • Runting and wasting
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5
Q

You see a hamster pup with enamel hypoplasia, what is one of your top differentials?

A

Hamster parvovirus

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6
Q

Gross findings of Hamster Parvovirus

A
  • domed calvaria
  • potbellied appearance
  • marked discoloration, malformation, and absence of the incisor teeth
  • hemorrhage in cerebrum and cerebellum
  • thrombosis and transmural hemorrhage in small intestine leading to diarrhea
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7
Q

Histopathological findings of hamster parvovirus

A
  • enamel hypoplasia of the incisor teeth, periodontitis, hemorrhage in the dental pulp
  • multifocal cerebral malacia
  • testicular hypoplasia w/ necrosis and mineralization of seminiferous tubules
  • intranuclear inclusions in the endothelium
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8
Q

HaPV
1. transmission
2. diagnosis
3. treatment and prevention
4. research significance

A
  1. likely inhalation or ingestion of viral particles
  2. PCR
  3. quarantine / disinfection and depopulation / prevent infection by monitoring biologicals
  4. persistent infections
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9
Q

T/F HaPV is not related to mouse and rat parvoviruses

A

False; it is closely related; likely derived from mouse parvovirus 3

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10
Q

T/F Hamsters are susceptible to paroviruses from rats and mice

A

True

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11
Q

What lesions can form in hamsters with infections from other parvoviruses

A
  • tooth loss and discoloration, facial bone deformities, diarrhea, ataxia, and stunted growth
  • intestinal hemorrhage, petechial hemorrhages, pale spleen or liver, testicular hypoplasia, and cerebellar hypoplasia
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12
Q

What is another name for Hamster polyoma virus (HaPyV)

A

transmissible lymphoma

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13
Q
  • What is the natural host of HaPyV?
  • Which species is highly susceptible to HaPyV-induced tumors?
A
  • European hamsters
  • Syrian hamstesr
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14
Q

Review HaPyV in the European hamster

A
  • they are the natural host
  • they typical have a subclinical infection in spleen and kidneys
  • persistently shed virus in urine
  • DO NOT DEVELOP NEOPLASIA
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15
Q

Review HaPyV in the Syrian Hamster

A
  • High susceptible to HaPyV-induced tumors (initially lymphoma, then trichoepithelioma once infection is enzootic)
  • lymphoma and trichoepithelioma are very rare otherwise, so assume HaPyV-associated when ID’ed
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16
Q

Differeniate epizootic and enzootic HaPyV infections

A

Epizootic infections: lymphoma
- YOUNG hamsters
- Mesenteric LNn and GALT are most common sites, but may infiltrate other organs or LNNs
- Usually B-cell, but thymic masses are T-cell
- Latent virus (not infectious) within tumor cells

Enzootic infections: Trichoepitheliomas
- OLD hamsters
- face, feet, elsewhere
- infectious virus in keratinocytes
- virus still primarily shed in urine

17
Q

HaPyV
1. Transmission
2. prevention and control

A
  1. shed in urine or in keratin from tumors
    • maternal antibodies are protective but wane
    • culling and decontamination, but virus is VERY stable in environment
    • Susceptible to DNAase, phenols, and KOH, resistant to most other disinfectants
18
Q

Which species is the primary reservoir of LCMV?
Which species is the most common source of human infection?

A
  1. mice
  2. hamsters
19
Q

Clinical signs of LCMV in hamsters

A
  • usually brief and subclinical in adults
  • congenitally infected or newborn hamsters may or may not have clinical signs
    — mass viral shedding
    — persistent infections: runting, decreased activity, decreased reproductive performance, or slow wasting to death
20
Q

Histopath findings of LCMV

A
  • vasculitis
  • glomerulonephritis from antigen-antibody complexes
  • Lymphocytic inflammation in meninges, brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, lung, spleen
21
Q

LCMV
1. Diagnosis
2. Transmission

A
  1. PCR (most common); Serology; test biologicals for virus
  2. Biologicals; all bodily fluids (especially Syrian hamsters); horizontal and vertical transmission (fomites not reliable form of spread)
22
Q

LCMV
1. research impact
2. prevention and control

A
  1. Zoonotic (BSL-3 for hamsters) – direct contact or inhalation of aerosolized rodent excretions or secretions
  2. Regular testing and elimination of infected animals and biologicals; prevent access to wild rodents
23
Q

Sources of Sendai Virus infection in hamsters

A

typically, other lab animal species via direct contact, fomites, or inhalation of aerosols

24
Q

Gross findings of Sendai Virus in hamsters

A
  • consolidation of lungs
25
Q

Histopath findings of Sendai Virus in hamsters

A
  • hyperplasia of nasal and bronchiolar epithelium
  • peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrates (cuffs)
  • peribronchiolar edema
  • segmental necrotizing inflammation of airways
26
Q

Sendai Virus
1. diagnosis
2. Prevention and control

A
  1. serology is preferred diagnostic for hamsters; can use PCR for biologicals
  2. sentinels may miss disease - fomites aren’t reliable
27
Q

T/F hamsters do not have a hamster-specific adenovirus but do appear to be susceptible to adenoviruses of other species

A

True – they are typically subclinical unless immunocompromised

28
Q

What are the two most significant viruses to hamster health

A
  1. Hamster parvovirus
  2. Hamster polyoma virus
29
Q

What should you screen hamsters for when bringing them into your colonies?

A
  • HaPV
  • HaPyV
  • LCMV
  • Reovirus 3
  • Sendai Virus
  • Mouse Pneumonia virus (Pneumonia virus of mice)

Path review (9 decks)

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