Motivation and emotion

Question 1

The process that initiates, directs, and sustains behaviors

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

People are motivated to take action in order to reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet needs.
-Physiological, less psychological
-Maintaining homeostasis

Answer 2

Drive theory

Question 3

People take certain actions to either increase or decrease their levels of arousal.
-Going for a jog vs meditating

Answer 3

Arousal theory

Question 4

People are motivated to do things because of external rewards.
-Focus on incestives

Answer 4

Expectancy theory

Question 5

People are propelled strongly by the use of goals
-Goals must be specific, challenging, attainable, feedback

Answer 5

Goal setting theory

Question 6

Motivations that arise from outside of the individual and often involve rewards.
-Accolades (enticement maintains interest)

Answer 6

Extrinsic motivations

Question 7

Motivations that arise form within the individual
-Autonomy, mastery, purpose

Answer 7

Intrinsic motivations

Question 8

Created the hierarchy of needs.
-Humanistic psychologist of the 20th century

Answer 8

Abraham Moslow

Question 9

The arrangement of needs from most basic to those at the highest level

Answer 9

Pyramid of needs

Question 10

In ascending order what are the levels of the Pyramid of needs?

Answer 10

Physiological (bottom)
Safety
Love and belonging
Esteem
Self actualization (top)

Question 11

Desire to obtain and consume food.
-Most powerful motivator in living creatures
-Ex. Binge eating disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 11

Hunger motive

Question 12

Recurring episodes of binge eating occur, feeling out of control while bingeing, feeling guilt and shame after

Answer 12

Binge eating disorder

Question 13

Eating disorder characterized by an obsessive fear of gaining weight

Answer 13

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 14

Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

Answer 14

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 15

Desire to engage in various forms of sexual relations.
-Most intimate motive
-Used in advertising

Answer 15

Sexual motivation

Question 16

Desire to accomplish difficult tasks and meet standards of excellence.
-Characteristics: prefer difficulty, clear expectations, feedback, competition, responsibility, and having to preserver

Answer 16

Achievement motivation

Question 17

Created in the 60s for business development.
-Describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation

Answer 17

McGregor’s X and Y theory

Question 18

Management believes employees are lazy, will avoid work if they can, and that employees dislike work.
-Micromanagers

Answer 18

Theory X of McGregor’s X&Y theory

Question 19

Management assumes employees are ambitious, self-motivated, exercise self-control, and believe that employees enjoy their work duties.
-Macromanagers

Answer 19

Theory Y of McGregor’s X&Y theory

Question 20

Certain factors exists in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. Both factors operate independently.
-Composed of two category factors: Hygiene and Motivators

Answer 20

Herzberg’s two factor theory

Question 21

Herzberg’s two factor theory factors:
1. Salary, jobs security, fringe benefits
2. Challenging work and/or recognition

Answer 21

1. Hygiene
2. Motivators

Question 22

The outward display or expressions of mood or feelings
-Typically learned form culture

Answer 22

Emotions

Question 23

The internal reaction; involves the processing of many emotions.
Emotional terminology with death

Answer 23

Grief

Question 24

The external process; grief gone public
Emotional terminology with death

Answer 24

Mourning

Question 25

Is the event or state caused by a loss; actually means to be torn away.
Emotional terminology with death

Answer 25

Bereavement

Question 26

Events simultaneously produce the subject reaction labeled as an emotion.
-Arousal and emotion occur at the same time
Theories on emotion
Seeing a bear and the brain signals the emotion at the same time as the physicological sensations

Answer 26

Cannon Bard theory

Question 27

Event cause the subjective reaction of emotion but the person must recognize the physical symptoms start.
-Emotion occurs after arousal
-“loading” or “buffering”
Theories on emotion

Answer 27

James Lang theory

Question 28

Subjective reaction of emotion is determined by the cognitive label we attach to the feeling.
-Arousal first occurs, the the reaction must be identified, and finally the emotion is labeled.
Theories on emotion

Answer 28

Schacter and Singer theory

Question 29

Outward signs of emotional states.
-Body language
-Eye contact
-Facial expressions

Answer 29

Nonverbal gestures

Question 30

Body posture or movement of the body in reaction to emotional events
Nonverbal gestures

Answer 30

Body language

Question 31

Nonverbal means of conveying and asserting emotional informations or mood status.
Nonverbal gestures

Answer 31

Eye contact

Question 32

The use of the face to illustrate a person’s emotional state.
Nonverbal gestures

Answer 32

Facial expressions

Question 33

What are the universal facial expressions and how many are there?

Answer 33

6 universal facial expressions
-Anger
-Fear
-Surprise or shock
-Sadness
-Happiness
-Disgust